Medjerda River
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| Medjerda | |
|---|---|
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. The Medjerda River | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. Medjerda river drainage basin (Map in French) | |
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| Native name | Template:Native name checker |
| Location | |
| Countries | Algeria and Tunisia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | |
• location | Gulf of Tunis, Mediterranean Sea |
• coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
• elevation | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Length | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
Basin size | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • minimum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • average | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • maximum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
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The Medjerda River (Template:Langx), the classical Bagradas, is a river in North Africa flowing from northeast Algeria through Tunisia before emptying into the Gulf of Tunis and Lake of Tunis. With a length of Template:Cvt, it is the longest river of Tunisia. It is also known as the Wadi Majardah or Mejerda (Template:Langx).[1]
Course
The Medjerda River originates in the Tell Atlas, part of the Atlas Mountains, in northeastern Algeria and then flows eastwards to Tunisia, then entering the Gulf of Utica of the Mediterranean Sea. Its course has a length of 460 kilometres (290 mi). It is the most important and longest river in Tunisia and is dammed in several locations, being a major supplier of water to the country's wheat crops.[2]
The Gulf of Utica was formed during the postglacial transgression about 6,000 years ago. Over time, fluvial deposits from the Medjerda gradually filled up the northern part of the gulf. The succession of events during historical times has been inferred from ancient documents and archaeological evidence.
Besides morphological ground observations, aerial and satellite photographs have been used to analyze how the landscape has evolved over the past 3,000 years. The gulf's southern part was filled up in late ancient times. The sea gradually withdrew from the northern part during the Middle Ages and modern times. The Ghar el Melh lagoon is the last vestige of what used to be the Utica gulf.
Following the last big flood in 1973, the Medjerda shifted, once again, its course. It now flows through a canal originally dug to evacuate the overflow of flood waters.[3]
History
Historically the Medjerda is Tunisia's crucial waterway providing fresh water to the country’s population centers. It is also vital to the people living near the river. Water from the Medjerda is used for irrigation and is pivotal to the region's agriculture.
A strategic resource, it was fought over and settled many times by the Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Arabs, and the Ottomans. Several major cities were founded on or near it, including Utica, Carthage, and eventually Tunis. The former ports of Utica and Ghar el-Melh (Rusucmona or Porto Farina) were eventually closed by the silting of their harbors.
See also
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beschaouch, Azedine (1986). "De l'Africa latino-chrétienne à l'Ifriqiya arabo-musulmane: questions de toponymie". CRAI (in français). 130 (3): 530–549. doi:10.3406/crai.1986.14420. Archived from the original on 2024-01-28. Retrieved 2023-10-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Study on Integrated Basin Management of the Medjerda River | Tunisia | Countries & Regions | JICA". www.jica.go.jp. Archived from the original on 19 October 2009. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Ameur Oueslati, Faouzia Charfi & Fadhel Baccar, La basse vallée de Oued Majerda et la lagune de Ghar El Melh, projet WADI
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