Mark 82 bomb

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Mark 82 General Purpose bomb
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TypeLow-drag general-purpose bomb
Place of originUnited States
Service history
In serviceSince 1950s
Production history
ManufacturerGeneral Dynamics
Unit costTemplate:Currency
VariantsPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Specifications
MassTemplate:Cvt
LengthTemplate:Cvt
DiameterTemplate:Cvt
FillingTritonal, Comp H-6 or PBXN-109
Filling weightTemplate:Cvt
ReferencesJanes[1][2][3][4][5] & The War Zone[6]

The Mark 82 is a 500-pound (230 kg) unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.

It is manufactured by Australia, the United States and Turkey.

Development and deployment

With a nominal weight of Template:Cvt, it is one of the smallest bombs in current service, and one of the most common air-dropped weapons in the world. Although the Mk82's nominal weight is Template:Cvt, its actual weight varies depending on its configuration, from Template:Cvt. It is a streamlined steel casing containing Template:Cvt of Tritonal high explosive. The Mk82 is offered with a variety of fin kits, fuzes, and retarders for different purposes.

The Mk82 is the warhead for the GBU-12 laser-guided bombs and for the GBU-38 JDAM.

Over many years Nitro-Chem in Bydgoszcz, Poland was the only provider of certified TNT for U.S. Department of Defense.[7] As of 2021 also the General Dynamics plant in Garland, Texas was providing bombs for the US Armed Forces.[citation needed]

The Mk82 is currently undergoing a minor redesign to allow it to meet the insensitive munitions requirements set by Congress.

According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon Systems Explosives Safety Review Board established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Mk82 is approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds.

File:F-4B VF-111 dropping bombs on Vietnam.jpg
U.S. Navy McDonnell F-4B Phantom II of VF-111 Sundowners deploying Mark 82 bombs over Vietnam, 1971.

More than 4,500 GBU-12/Mk82 laser-guided bombs were dropped on Iraq during the Persian Gulf War.[8] France requested 1,200 Mk82s in 2010 to Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) which builds Mk82s under license.[9] Saudi Arabia requested 8,000 Mk82s in 2015, along with guidance kits and other weapons.[10]

In August, 2018, a Mark 82 bomb was used for Saudi Arabia's Dahyan air strike in Yemen. Munitions experts confirmed that the numbers on it identified Lockheed Martin as its maker and that this particular Mk82 was a Paveway, a laser-guided bomb.[11]

Low-level delivery

File:Mk. 81 250-lb and Mk. 82 Snakeye I 500-lb.jpg
Museum-based inert Mark 82 bomb with a Snake Eye Tail Retarding Device – displaying deployed high-drag tail-fin for low-altitude release.

In low-level bombing, it is possible for the delivering aircraft to sustain damage from the blast and fragmentation effects of its own munitions since the aircraft and ordnance arrive at the target almost simultaneously. To address this issue, the standard Mk82 General-Purpose bomb can be fitted with a special high-drag tail fin unit. In this configuration, it is referred to as the Mk82 Snake Eye.[12] The tail unit has four folded fins that spring open into a cruciform shape when the bomb is released, slowing the bomb by increasing drag, thus allowing the delivery aircraft to safely pass over the target before the bomb hits it.

Variants

File:B-2 Spirit bombing, 1994.jpg
A B-2 Spirit dropping Mk82 bombs into the Pacific Ocean in a 1994 training exercise off Point Mugu, California.
  • BLU-111(AUS)B/B – Australian variant of the Mk82, fitted with both JDAM and Paveway II guidance kits.[13]
  • BLU-111/B – Mk82 casing filled with PBXN-109 (instead of Composition H6); item weighs Template:Cvt.[14] PBXN-109 is a less sensitive explosive filler when compared to H6.[15] The BLU-111/B also is the warhead of the A-1 version of the Joint Stand-Off Weapon.
  • BLU-111A/B – Used by the U.S. Navy,[16] this is the BLU-111/B with a thermal-protective coating added[15] to reduce cook-off in (fuel-related) fires.
  • BLU-126/B – Designed following a U.S. Navy request to lower collateral damage in air strikes. Delivery of this type started in March 2007. Also known as the Low Collateral Damage Bomb (LCDB), it is a BLU-111 with a smaller explosive charge. Inert ballast is added to match the original weight of the BLU-111, which gives it the same trajectory when dropped.[17]
  • BLU-129/B – U.S. Air Force Mark 82 version with a composite warhead case that disintegrates upon detonation to minimize fragmentation, decreasing damage to nearby structures and reducing the chances of collateral damage.[18] The carbon fiber composite shell achieves three-times less collateral damage by keeping the blast radius tight, while the tungsten-laden case high explosive has greater lethality in that blast radius. Entered service in 2011 with some 800 units produced until early 2015. USAF is looking to restart production for domestic and international consumption.[19][20]
  • Mark 62 Quickstrike mine – A naval mine, which is a conversion of the Mark 82 bomb.[21]
  • Mark 82 Mod 7 – Near-term solution for cluster bomb replacement that replaces the forged steel casing with a unitary "cast ductile iron" warhead and reconfigured burst height and fuze locations, dispersing iron fragmentation over a large area to fulfill area-attack requirements with less chance of unexploded ordnance. To enter service by 2018.[22][23]
  • MK82-T (Tendürek) –Turkish variant of Mk82 with a thermobaric warhead, can be fitted with locally produced HGK, LGK, and KGK guidance kits.

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janes (26 July 2022), "Mk 80 general‐purpose bombs (BLU‐110/111/117/126/129)", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 29 May 2023
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janes (1 June 2023), "GBU-10/12/16/58 Paveway II", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 2 June 2023
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janes (1 December 2022), "GBU‐22, GBU‐24, GBU‐27 Paveway III, and Enhanced Paveway III", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 2 June 2023
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janes (1 June 2023), "GBU‐31/32/38 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM)", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 2 June 2023
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Janes (4 August 2021), "Paveway IV (PGB)", Janes Weapons: Air Launched, Coulsdon, Surrey: Jane's Group UK Limited., retrieved 2 June 2023
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Newdick, Thimas; Rogoway, Tyler (15 December 2022). "What Joint Direct Attack Munitions could do for Ukraine". The War Zone. Miami, New York & San Francisco: Recurrent Ventures. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NITRO-CHEM SA has received further orders to supply TNT to the USA". Nitro-Chem. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997–1998. Naval Institute Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-55750-268-1.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."La DGA notifie l'achat de 1 200 corps de bombes de type Mk82" (in français). Government of France. 28 June 2010. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Saudis Request Huge Resupply of U.S. Air-To-Ground Weapons". Aviation International News. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nima Elbagir; Salma Abdelaziz; Ryan Browne; Barbara Arvanitidis; Laura Smith-Spark. "Bomb that killed 40 children in Yemen was supplied by US". CNN. Archived from the original on 2018-08-18. Retrieved 2018-08-18.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bombs and components". www.ordnance.org/gpb.htm. Archived from the original on 1998-12-02. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  13. ^ https://www.defence.gov.au/news-events/news/2022-01-17/australian-warheads-introduced-into-service
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."China Lake, Naval Warfare Center". www.chinalakealumni.org. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  15. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."BLU-111/B". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Equipment Listing". www.designation-systems.net. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  17. ^ Little Bang – p.38, Aviation Week & Space Technology-January 29, 2007
  18. ^ Precision Lethality Responds to Urgent Operational Need – AF.mil, 9 January 2015
  19. ^ USAF’s ultra-lethal carbon fibre bomb approved for export Script error: No such module "webarchive". – Flightglobal.com, 29 June 2015
  20. ^ USAF Has Carbon Fibre Bomb Export Hopes Script error: No such module "webarchive". – Copybook.com/Military, 2 July 2015
  21. ^ Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer, The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed, p. 159. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. Template:ISBN.
  22. ^ Air Force Replaces Cluster Bombs With Something Slightly Less Likely to Kill Civilians Script error: No such module "webarchive". – Medium.com/War-is-Boring, 12 October 2014
  23. ^ USAF moving past cluster munitions, CALCM cruise missile Script error: No such module "webarchive". – Flightglobal.com, 4 June 2015

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