Multimedia over Coax Alliance

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Multimedia over Coax Alliance
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AbbreviationMoCA
StatusPublished
Year started2004[1]
First publishedScript error: No such module "Date time".[2]
Latest version2.5
13 April 2016[3]
Preview version3.0
Related standardsEthernet
DomainComputer networking
LicenseProprietary
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The Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) is an international standards consortium that publishes specifications for networking over coaxial cable. The technology was originally developed to distribute IP television in homes using existing cabling, but is now used as a general-purpose Ethernet link where it is inconvenient or undesirable to replace existing coaxial cable with optical fiber or twisted pair cabling.[4][5]

MoCA 1.0 was approved in 2006, MoCA 1.1 in April 2010, MoCA 2.0 in June 2010, and MoCA 2.5 in April 2016.[3] The most recently released version of the standard, MoCA 3.0, supports speeds of up to 10 Gbit/s. As of 2021, this technology is not yet available in customer premises equipment.[6]

Membership

As of 2026, the Alliance has 13 members including pay TV operators, OEMs, CE manufacturers, and IC vendors.[7]

MoCA's board of directors consists of staff from InCoax, MaxLinear and Verizon.[8]

Technology

Within the scope of the Internet protocol suite, MoCA is a protocol that provides the link layer. In the seven-layer OSI model, it provides definitions within the data link layer (layer 2) and the physical layer (layer 1). DLNA approved of MoCA as a layer 2 protocol.[9] A MoCA network can contain up to 16 nodes for MoCA 1.1 and higher, with a maximum of 8 for MoCA 1.0.[10] The network provides a shared-medium, half-duplex link between all nodes using time-division multiplexing; within each timeslot, any pair of nodes communicates directly with each other using the highest mutually-supported version of the standard.[11]

File:MoCA-Timeline-v8-2017.gif
MoCA technology timeline

Versions

MoCA 1.0
The first version of the standard, MoCA 1.0, was ratified in 2006 and supports transmission speeds of up to 135 Mbit/s.[2]
MoCA 1.1
MoCA 1.1 provides 175 Mbit/s net throughputs (275 Mbit/s PHY rate) and operates in the 500 to 1500 MHz frequency range.[12]
MoCA 2.0
MoCA 2.0 offers actual throughputs (MAC rate) up to 1 Gbit/s. Operating frequency range is 500 to 1650 MHz. Packet error rate is 1 packet error in 100 million.[13] MoCA 2.0 also offers lower power modes of sleep and standby and is backward compatible with MoCA 1.1.[14] In March 2017, SCTE/ISBE society and MoCA consortium began creating a new "standards operational practice" (SCTE 235) to provide MoCA 2.0 with DOCSIS 3.1 interoperability. Interoperability is necessary because both MoCA 2.0 and DOCSIS 3.1 may operate in the frequency range above 1 GHz. The standard "addresses the need to prevent degradation or failure of signals due to a shared frequency range above 1 GHz".[15][16]
MoCA 2.5
MoCA 2.5 (introduced April 13, 2016[3]) offers actual data rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s, continues to be backward compatible with MoCA 2.0 and MoCA 1.1, and adds MoCA protected setup (MPS), Management Proxy, Enhanced Privacy, Network wide Beacon Power, and Bridge detection.[17] MoCA Access is intended for multiple dwelling units (MDUs) such as hotels, resorts, hospitals, or educational facilities. It is based on the current MoCA 2.0 standard which is capable of 1 Gbit/s net throughputs, and MoCA 2.5 which is capable of 2.5 Gbit/s.[18]
MoCA 3.0 (Next Gen)
The MoCA 3.0 (Next Gen) standard has not been released as of April 2026. However, promotional material provided by the Alliance indicates MAC throughput of up to 10Gbps and reduced latency over the MoCA 2.5 standard.[19][20]

Performance profiles

MoCA 1.0 MoCA 1.1 MoCA 2.0 MoCA 2.0
bonded 		MoCA 2.1 MoCA 2.1
bonded 		MoCA 2.5 MoCA 3.0
Actual throughput (Mbit/s) 100 175 500 1000 500 1000 2500 10,000
Number of channels bonded 2 2 2 3~5 ≤4
Modulation 1024 QAM 1024 QAM 1024 QAM 1024 QAM 8192 QAM
Power save (standby and sleep) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
MoCA protected setup; MPS Yes Yes Yes
Management proxy Yes Yes Yes
Enhanced privacy Yes Yes
Network-wide beacon power Yes Yes Yes
Bridge detection Yes Yes Yes

Frequency band plan

Channel Frequency,
center (MHz)[21] 		MoCA 1.1
channel 		MoCA 2.0
primary 		MoCA 2.0
secondary 		Beacon
channel
EE1 450     Yes  
EE2 475     Yes  
E1 500 Yes   Yes Yes
E2 525 Yes Yes   Yes
E3 550 Yes Yes   Yes
E4 575 Yes Yes   Yes
E5 600 Yes Yes   Yes
EE3 625   Yes    
EE4 650     Yes  
--- --- --- --- --- ---
F1 675 Yes     Yes
F2 700 Yes Yes Yes Yes
F3 725 Yes Yes   Yes
F4 750 Yes Yes   Yes
F5 775 Yes Yes   Yes
F6 800 Yes Yes   Yes
F7 825 Yes Yes Yes Yes
F8 850 Yes     Yes
--- --- --- --- --- ---
A1 875        
B1 900        
--- --- --- --- --- ---
C1 925        
C2 950        
C3 975        
C4 1000        
--- --- --- --- --- ---
D1 1150 Yes     Yes
D1a 1175   Yes Yes  
D2 1200 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D2a 1225   Yes Yes  
D3 1250 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D3a 1275   Yes Yes  
D4 1300 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D4a 1325   Yes Yes  
D5 1350 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D5a 1375   Yes Yes  
D6 1400 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D6a 1425   Yes Yes  
D7 1450 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D7a 1475   Yes Yes  
D8 1500 Yes Yes Yes Yes
D8a 1525   Yes Yes  
D9 1550   Yes Yes Yes
D9a 1575   Yes Yes  
D10 1600   Yes Yes Yes
D10a 1625   Yes Yes  

Notes:

  • Channel C4 is commonly used for Verizon FiOS for the "WAN" link from the ONT to the router.[22]
  • Channels D1-D8 are commonly used for "LAN" links, between set-top boxes and the router.[22]
  • E band channels are commonly used by DirecTV converter boxes. The DirecTV Ethernet-to-Coax Adapter (DECA) uses MoCA on this "Mid-RF" frequency band.
  • D10A 100 MHz wide means it goes up to 1675 MHz, so splitters need to be 5-1675 MHz.

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Monk, Anton; Lee, Ronald; Hebron, Yoav (2013-07-12). "The Multimedia Over Coax Alliance". Proceedings of the IEEE. 101 (11): 2322–2338. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2266299. ISSN 0018-9219. S2CID 2950192.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ovadia, Shlomo (2007-09-09). "MoCA: ubiquitous multimedia networking in the home". In Jain, Raj; Dingel, Benjamin B.; Komaki, Shozo; Ovadia, Shlomo (eds.). Broadband Access Communication Technologies II. Vol. 6776. Boston, MA. pp. 67760C. doi:10.1117/12.726808. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  3. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Home Networking Gets a New Performance Standard". Multimedia over Coax Alliance. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.O'Shea, Dan (2006-11-20). "The IPTV battle enters the home". Telephony. 247 (19). Chicago, United States: Informa: 20–21. eISSN 2161-8690. ISSN 0040-2656. Template:ProQuest. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhou, Shujia; Song, Yingxiong; Lin, Rujian (2011-09-25). FTTB multimedia access solution based on MoCA technology. 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology. pp. 1037–1040. doi:10.1109/ICCT.2011.6158037.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bacon, Kinney (February 20, 2021). "A Preview of 10G Enabling Technologies". Broadband Library.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA Members". Multimedia over Coax Alliance. Retrieved February 22, 2026.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Organization - MoCA - Multimedia over Coax Alliance". 2024-09-25. Retrieved 2026-02-23.
  9. ^ MOCA FAQs
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA Technology - Installation Best Practices for a Home Network" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-12.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."GoCoax | Support".
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA for Installers :: MoCA FAQs".
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Introducing MoCA 2.0". Multimedia over Coax Alliance. June 15, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA FAQs". MoCAlliance.org. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.KMCreative (14 March 2017). "SCTE/ISBE Standards, MoCA Team Up on New Operational Practice for DOCSIS 3.1-MoCA Interoperability". Multimedia over Coax Alliance. Archived from the original on 2021-06-13. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."SCTE 235, Operational Practice for the Coexistence of DOCSIS 3.1 Signals and MoCA Signals in the Home Environment" (PDF). Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA 2.5 News". MoCA web site. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.KMCreative. "MoCA Access™". Multimedia over Coax Alliance. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."About MoCA - MoCA - Multimedia over Coax Alliance". 2024-09-16. Retrieved 2026-02-23.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bacon, Kinney (February 20, 2021). "A Preview of 10G Enabling Technologies". Broadband Library.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."MoCA 1.1 Specification for Device RF Characteristics" (PDF). Multimedia over Coax Alliance.
  22. ^ a b Verizon Online FiOS FAQ → 3.2 MOCA
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