Pyrus pyrifolia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Nashi Pear)

Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Hatnote list' not found.

Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.

Template:DMCA

Template:DMCA

Script error: No such module "Autotaxobox".
Script error: No such module "Automated taxobox".
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Script error: No such module "Taxobox ranks".: <div style="display:inline" class="script error: no such module "taxobox ranks".">Template:Taxon infoTemplate:Taxon italics
Binomial name
Template:Taxon infoTemplate:Taxon italics
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Synonyms[1]
List
  • Pyrus arakiana Koidz.
  • Pyrus asakeensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus autumnalis (Siebold) Koidz.
  • Pyrus babauttiagi Koidz.
  • Pyrus cuneata Koidz.
  • Pyrus higoensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus incubacea Koidz.
  • Pyrus kiushiana Koidz.
  • Pyrus kleinhofiana Koidz.
  • Pyrus lakuhokuensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus lasiogyna Koidz.
  • Pyrus lindleyi Rehder
  • Pyrus nehiyamadonis Koidz.
  • Pyrus pseudocalleryana Uyeki
  • Pyrus pseudouipongensis Uyeki
  • Pyrus pyrifolia var. talyschensis Gladkova
  • Pyrus saidaeana Koidz.
  • Pyrus serotina Rehder
  • Pyrus sinensis Lindl.
  • Pyrus sohayakiensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus tajimaensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus tambana Koidz.
  • Pyrus tobisimensis Koidz.
  • Pyrus togashiana Koidz.
  • Pyrus tsuchiyana Koidz.
  • Pyrus tungusiana Koidz.
  • Pyrus uipongensis Uyeki
  • Pyrus umemurana Koidz.
  • Pyrus uyematsuana Makino
  • Pyrus yohrohensis Koidz.

Page Template:Taxobox/core/styles.css has no content.Template:Taxonbar/candidateTemplate:Speciesbox/parameterCheckScript error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".

Pyrus pyrifolia is a species of pear tree native to southern China and northern Indochina that has been introduced to Korea, Japan and other parts of the world.[1] The tree's edible fruit is known by many names, including Asian pear,[2] Persian pear, Japanese pear,[2] Chinese pear,[2][3] Korean pear,[4][5][6] Taiwanese pear, apple pear,[7] zodiac pear, three-halves pear, papple, naspati, bata kisbis, Fefeta grained pear and sand pear.[2] Along with cultivars of P. × bretschneideri and Pyrus ussuriensis, the fruit is also called the nashi pear.[8][9] Cultivars derived from Pyrus pyrifolia are grown throughout East Asia, and in other countries such Pakistan, Nepal, Australia, New Zealand, and America. Traditionally in East Asia the tree's flowers are a popular symbol of early spring, and it is a common sight in gardens and the countryside.

Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.

Asian pears
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found.
Nashi pear (Pyrus pyrifolia)
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy176 kJ (42 kcal)
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
10.65 g
Sugars7.05 g
Dietary fiber3.6 g
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
0.23 g
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
0.5 g
Vitamins and minerals
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
VitaminsQuantity
%DV†
Thiamine (B1)
1%
0.009 mg
Riboflavin (B2)
1%
0.01 mg
Niacin (B3)
1%
0.219 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)
1%
0.07 mg
Vitamin B6
1%
0.022 mg
Folate (B9)
2%
8 μg
Choline
1%
5.1 mg
Vitamin C
4%
3.8 mg
Vitamin E
1%
0.12 mg
Vitamin K
4%
4.5 μg
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
MineralsQuantity
%DV†
Calcium
0%
4 mg
Magnesium
2%
8 mg
Manganese
3%
0.06 mg
Phosphorus
1%
11 mg
Potassium
4%
121 mg
Sodium
0%
0 mg
Link to USDA Database entry
†Percentages estimated using US recommendations for adults,[10] except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from the National Academies.[11]

The fruits are not generally baked in pies or made into jams because they have a high water content and a crisp, grainy texture, very different from the European varieties. They are commonly served raw and peeled.[12] The fruit tends to be quite large and fragrant. When carefully wrapped, having a tendency to bruise because of its juiciness, it can last for several weeks (or more) in a cold, dry place.

Culture

Due to their relatively high price and the large size of the fruit of cultivars, the pears tend to be served to guests, given as gifts, or eaten together in a family setting.[13][14]

In cooking, ground pears are used in vinegar- or soy sauce-based sauces as a sweetener, instead of sugar.[15] They are also used when marinating meat, especially beef, with a notable example being in the Korean dish bulgogi, due to the presence of enzymes to tenderize the proteins in the meat.[16][17]

In Australia, these pears were first introduced into commercial production beginning in 1980.[18]

In Japan, fruit is harvested in Chiba, Ibaraki, Tottori, Fukushima, Tochigi, Nagano, Niigata, Saitama and other prefectures, except Okinawa. Nashi (Script error: No such module "Lang".) may be used as a late autumn kigo, or "season word", when writing haiku. Nashi no hana (Script error: No such module "Lang"., pear flower) is also used as a kigo of spring.[19] At least one city (Kamagaya-Shi, Chiba Prefecture) has the flowers of this tree as an official city flower.[15]

In Nepal (Nepali: Naspati नस्पाती) and the Himalayan states of India, they are cultivated as a cash crop in the Middle Hills between about 1,500 and 2,500 metres (5,000 and 8,000 ft) in elevation, where the climate is suitable. The fruit are carried to nearby markets by human porters or, increasingly, by truck, but not for long distances because they bruise easily.[20]

In Taiwan, pears harvested in Japan have become luxurious presents since 1997 and their consumption has jumped.[13][14]

In China, the term "sharing a pear" (Chinese: 分梨; pinyin: fēn lí) is a homophone of "separate" (simplified Chinese: 分离; traditional Chinese: 分離; pinyin: fēnlí). As a result, sharing a pear with a loved one can be read as a desire to separate from them.[21]

In Korea, the fruit is known as Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".),[15] and it is grown and consumed in great quantity. In the South Korean city of Naju, there is a museum called The Naju Pear Museum and Pear Orchard for Tourists (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[22]

In Cyprus, the pears were introduced in 2010 after initially being investigated as a new fruit crop for the island in the early 1990s. They are currently grown in Kyperounta.[23]

Cultivars

Cultivars are classified in two groups. Most of the cultivars belong to the Akanashi ('Russet pears') group, and have yellowish-brown rinds. The Aonashi ('Green pears') have yellow-green rinds.

File:Pyrus pyrifolia kosui.jpg
Kosui
File:Nijusseiki nashi - Japanese pears by akira yamada.jpg
Nijisseiki

Important cultivars include:

  • 'Chojuro' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, 1893?)[24][25] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Kosui' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, 1959; the most important cultivar in Japan)[26][27] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Hosui' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, 1972)[28][29] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Imamuraaki' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, native)[30] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Nijisseiki' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, 1898; name means "20th century", also spelled 'Nijusseiki')[31][32] ('Green pears')
  • 'Niitaka' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, 1927)[33][34] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Okusankichi' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, native)[35][36] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Raja' (new)[37] ('Russet pears')
  • 'Shinko' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Japan, pre-1941)[38][39] ('Russet pears') ('Russet pears')
  • 'Hwangkeum' (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang"., Korea, 1984, 'Niitaka' × 'Nijisseiki')
  • 'Huanghuali' (not to be confused with the wood of Dalbergia odorifera, also called Huanghuali)[40][41]

Kanji

The Japanese kanji for this fruit Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is one of the kyōiku kanji, the kanji taught in elementary school in Japan.[42] Added in 2017, it was one of 20 new kyōiku kanji that were found in the names of prefectures of Japan.[43]

In Chinese, the character refers to pears generally.

Notes

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pyrus pyrifolia (Burm.f.) Nakai". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bailey, L.H.; Bailey, E.Z. & the staff of the Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium (1976). Hortus third: A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 9780025054707.
  3. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lee, Ho-Sun; Isse, Toyoshi; Kawamoto, Toshihiro; Woo, Hyun-Su; Kim, An Keun; Park, Jong Y.; Yang, Mihi (November 2012). "Effects and action mechanisms of Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. Shingo) on alcohol detoxification". Phytotherapy Research. 26 (11): 1753–1758. doi:10.1002/ptr.4630. PMID 22451246. S2CID 22181078.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mishkin, Leah (9 October 2017). "Korean pear season in full swing at Hamilton Township farm". NJTV News. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coyne, Kevin (21 August 2009). "Evergreen Farm Taps New Jersey Market for Ethnic Crops". The New York Times. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.アジア1の生産を誇る延辺龍井リンゴ梨 接ぎ木から100周年を祝う. KoreaWorldTimes (in 日本語). 17 May 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 18 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  9. ^ In Japanese the fruit is called nashi. The best variety is called shingo in Korean.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.United States Food and Drug Administration (2024). "Daily Value on the Nutrition and Supplement Facts Labels". FDA. Archived from the original on 27 March 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stallings, Virginia A.; Harrison, Meghan; Oria, Maria, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. Template:NCBIBook.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Solomon, Charmaine (1998), "Nashi", Encyclopedia of Asian Food, Periplus Editions, New Holland Publishers, archived from the original on 21 May 2009, retrieved 11 July 2008
  13. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Foltán, Kamil; Bryant, Zurina; Chang, Ri (12 June 2018). "Asian Pear – The Asian Apple". The Indigenous Bartender. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Japanese Pear Tree". Groundwork UK. Retrieved 20 October 2025.
  15. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Imatome-Yun, Naomi (18 August 2019). "What You Should Know About the Bae Pear". The Spruce Eats. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hagedorn, David (27 November 2012). "Cook Asian pears at your peril". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kim, Emily [Maangchi]; Roskin, Julia. "Bulgogi (Korean Grilled Beef) Recipe". New York Times Cooking. Retrieved 22 May 2021.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nashi asian pear varieties". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 26 April 2007. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  19. ^ The Yuki Teikei Haiku Season Word List Script error: No such module "webarchive". from the Yuki Teikei Haiku Society (Northern California)
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gotame, Tek Prasad; Subedi, Giri Dhari; Dhakal, Maheshwar; Khatiwada, Prerana (December 2015). "Postharvest Handling of Asian Pear in Nepal". Nepal Agricultural Research Council Horticulture Research Division: 1–41 – via ResearchGate.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Chinese Food Symbolism".
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Korea Sparkling(Naju Pear Museum)" – via www.youtube.com.
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Home-grown Japanese pear officially launched - Cyprus Mail". Archived from the original on 18 September 2010.
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nashi Variety: Chojuro". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 2002. Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties, kosui. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties, housui. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  32. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties, nijiseiki. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  34. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties, nitaka. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  35. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  36. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."NSW Primary Industries 2002. Nashi Asian pear varieties, okusanki. Agfact H4.1.14". Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
  37. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Edwards, Barbara; Olivella, Mary (2011). From Tree to Table: Growing Backyard Fruit Trees in the Pacific Maritime Climate. Seattle: Skiptone. p. 127. ISBN 9781594855191.
  38. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."独立行政法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 農研機構 果樹研究所: 果樹研". affrc.go.jp. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011.
  39. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nashi Variety: Shinko". New South Wales Department of Primary Industries. 2002. Archived from the original on 25 June 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
  40. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cai, D.-y.; Fan, T.-w.; Teng, Y.-w.; Zhao, C.-z.; Chen, B.-h.; Wang, F.-l. (2008), "Assessment of pear germplasm from the middle area of Gansu province using amplified fragment length polymorphism markers", Journal of Fruit Science, 2008 (3)
  41. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Z.R. Luo & Q.L. Zhang (2002). "The genetic resources and their utilization of Pyrus pyrifolia in China". Acta Horticulturae (587): 201–205. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.587.23.
  42. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Kyoiku Kanji (教育漢字) - Kanshudo". www.kanshudo.com. Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  43. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."小学校の必修漢字に都道府県名20字追加 20年度にも". 朝日新聞デジタル. 18 May 2016. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 18 June 2016.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link"..

Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Script error: No such module "Taxonbar".

Script error: No such module "Taxonbar".

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Pyrus_pyrifolia&oldid=360389"