Office of Science and Technology Policy

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Office of Science and Technology Policy
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Agency overview
FormedMay 11, 1976; 50 years ago (1976-05-11)
HeadquartersThe White House
Employees150
Agency executive
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Parent agency
Executive Office of the President
WebsiteWhiteHouse.gov/OSTP

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Template:United States space program sidebar The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) is a division of the White House Executive Office of the President (EOP), established by United States Congress on May 11, 1976, with the mandate to advise the president on science and technology on domestic and international affairs.

The OSTP director is colloquially known as the "science advisor to the president," and this role was elevated to a Cabinet position by President Joe Biden (Eric Lander was the first to hold this dual role).[1]

History

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20th century

President Ford signing H.R. 10230, establishing the Office of Science and Technology Policy

President Richard M. Nixon eliminated the President's Science Advisory Committee after his second Science Advisor, Edward E. David Jr., resigned in 1973, rather than appointing a replacement. In 1975, the American Physical Society president Chien-Shiung Wu met with the new president Gerald Ford to reinstate a scientific body of advisors for the executive branch and the president, which President Ford concurred to do.[2] The United States Congress then established the OSTP in 1976 with a broad mandate to advise the President and others within the Executive Office of the President on the effects of science and technology on domestic and international affairs. The 1976 Act also authorizes OSTP to lead inter-agency efforts to develop and to implement sound science and technology policies and budgets and to work with the private sector, state and local governments, the science and higher education communities, and other nations toward this end.

Trump administration

Under President Donald Trump, OSTP's staff dropped from 135 to 45 people.[3] The OSTP director position remained vacant for over two years, the longest vacancy for the position since the office's founding.[4][5][6] Kelvin Droegemeier, an atmospheric scientist who previously served as the vice president of research at the University of Oklahoma, was nominated for the position on August 1, 2018[7] and confirmed by the Senate on January 2, 2019.

Michael Kratsios was nominated by President Trump to be the fourth Chief Technology Officer of the United States and associate director of OSTP in March 2019[8] and was unanimously confirmed by the Senate on August 1, 2019.[9] During Trump's tenure, Droegemeier also managed the National Science and Technology Council.

Biden administration

President Joe Biden named, and the Senate later unanimously confirmed,[10] Eric Lander as head of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, while also upgrading the position to a cabinet-level post.[11] Lander resigned in February 2022 following reports that engaged in abusive conduct against both subordinates and other White House officials.[12]

  • In 2022, OSTP held a roundtable discussion with some of the nation’s leading scientists to discuss the need to combat the climate crisis and counter arguments for delaying climate action. It is the first time that the White House has recognized scientists who study the climate denial operation run by the fossil fuel industry.[13]
  • On August 25, 2022, OSTP issued guidance to make all federally funded research in the United States freely available without delay.[14][15]

Directors

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Michael Kratsios is the current Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, appointed by the Trump Administration on March 25, 2025.[16][17]

During the Biden Administration, the OSTP Director role was elevated to the cabinet.[18]

Mathematician and geneticist Eric Lander was sworn in as Director on June 2, 2021,[19] and later resigned on February 18, 2022, following allegations of misconduct.[20] In February 2022, deputy director Alondra Nelson was appointed acting director, while former National Institutes of Health (NIH) director Francis Collins would serve as acting science advisor. Both assumed positions on February 18, 2022. In October 2022, Arati Prabhakar became Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy.[21][22]

List of OSTP directors.[23]

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  Denotes acting capacity.
No. Image Name Start End Ref. President
1 Script error: No such module "Sort". August 9, 1976 January 20, 1977 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(1974–1977)
2 Script error: No such module "Sort". January 20, 1977 January 20, 1981 style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(1977–1981)
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		March 5, 1981 August 1981 rowspan="5" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(1981–1989)
3 Script error: No such module "Sort". August 1981 December 1985
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		January 1986 May 23, 1986
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		May 24, 1986 October 1, 1986
4 Script error: No such module "Sort". October 2, 1986 June 1989
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		June 1989 August 1989 rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(1989–1993)
– File:WilliamGWellsJr.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		August 1989 August 1989
5 File:D. Allen Bromley (cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". August 1989 January 20, 1993
6 File:Dr Gibbons USDA (cropped).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". January 20, 1993 April 3, 1998 rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(1993–2001)
– File:Kerri-Ann Jones.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		April 4, 1998 August 3, 1998
7 File:Neal-lane.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". August 4, 1998 January 20, 2001
– File:Dean Rosina M. Bierbaum.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		January 21, 2001 September 30, 2001 rowspan="3" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(2001–2009)
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		October 1, 2001 October 28, 2001
8 File:John Marburger official portrait.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". October 29, 2001 January 20, 2009
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		January 20, 2009 March 19, 2009 rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(2009–2017)
9 File:John Holdren official portrait small.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". March 19, 2009 January 20, 2017 [24]
– Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		January 20, 2017 January 11, 2019 [25] rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(2017–2021)
10 File:Kelvin Droegemeier official photo.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". January 11, 2019 January 20, 2021 [26]
– File:20161006-OSEC-RBN-7275 (30189848116).jpg Script error: No such module "Sort".
Acting 		January 20, 2021 June 2, 2021 rowspan="4" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(2021–2025)
11 File:Eric Lander July 2021.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". June 2, 2021 February 18, 2022 [27][28]
– File:Alondra Nelson, OSTP Deputy Director (cropped).jpg Alondra Nelson
Acting 		February 18, 2022 October 3, 2022 [29]
12 File:Arati Prabhakar, OSTP Director.jpg Script error: No such module "Sort". October 3, 2022 January 20, 2025 [22]
– File:Michael Kratsios official photo.jpg Michael Kratsios January 20, 2025 March 25, 2025 [30] rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Party color;" | Script error: No such module "Sort".
(2025–present)
13 March 25, 2025 present [31]

OSTP Deputy Directors / Deputy "National Science Advisor to the President"

Key executive positions vary among administrations and are not always published online.[32] These executives manage OSTP divisions and are Deputies to the Director / National Science Advisor.

Biden administration (2021-2024)

President Biden never nominated any individual for the Senate-confirmed role of OSTP Associate Director, roles that report to the Director. The National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act, which establishes OSTP, authorized up to four Associated Director directors, one of whom may be designated as the U.S. Chief Technology Officer. Instead, the Biden-era OSTP shifted to "Deputy Directors," roles that do not require Senate-confirmation, to lead each OSTP division.[33] This was seen as an expansion or "elevation" of the national role of science and technology by President Biden.[34][35]

  • Climate and Environment[36] - Deputy Director for Climate and Environment: Jane Lubchenco, former NOAA Administrator
  • Energy/Industrial Innovation[37] - Deputy Director for Energy and Chief Strategist for the Energy Transition: Sally Benson; division renamed - Deputy Director for Industrial Innovation: Justina Gallegos[38]
  • Health Outcomes[39] - Deputy Director of Health Sciences: Carrie Wolinetz; Deputy Assistant to the President for Cancer Moonshot and Deputy Director for Health Outcomes: Danielle Carnival
  • National Security[40] - Deputy Director for National Security and Coordinator for Technology and National Security of the National Security Council: Jason Matheny; Deputy Director for National Security and Special Assistant to the President: Stephen Welby[41]
  • Science and Society[42] - Principal Deputy Director for Science and Society and Deputy Assistant to the President: Alondra Nelson (performed the duties of the Director from February to October 2022, when she became the first African American and first woman of color to lead OSTP); Deputy Director for Science and Society: Danny Goroff; Principal Deputy Director for Science and Society and Special Assistant to the President: Kei Koizumi.
  • Technology[43] - Deputy Director for Technology and Principal Deputy U.S. Chief Technology Officer: Alexander Macgilivray; Dierdre Mulligan;[44] and Karen Kornbluh[45]

In addition to division heads, the Biden OSTP also had a Deputy Director for Strategy, Asad Ramzanali, who also served as the office's Chief of Staff and Special Assistant to the President.[46]

Obama administration (2008-2016)

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biden Names Science Team; Eric Lander as Science Advisor; Elevates Position to Cabinet-level". CRN. February 2, 2021. Retrieved April 9, 2026.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chiang, Tsai-Chien (January 2013). Madame Wu Chien-shiung: The First Lady Of Physics Research. World Scientific. pp. 184–185. ISBN 9789814579131.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alemany, Jacqueline (November 21, 2017). "Donald Trump's science office is a ghost town". CBS.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morello, Lauren (October 24, 2017). "Wait for Trump's science adviser breaks modern-era record". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22878.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Aldhouse, Peter (January 18, 2017). "Trump's war on science isn't what you think". CBS.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reardon, Sara; Witze, Alexandra (July 31, 2018). "The wait is over: Trump taps meteorologist as White House science adviser". Nature. 560 (7717): 150–151. Bibcode:2018Natur.560..150R. doi:10.1038/d41586-018-05862-y. PMID 30087470.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Irfan, Umair (August 1, 2018). "Trump finally picked a science adviser. He's a meteorologist. Named Kelvin". Vox.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."President Donald J. Trump Announces Intent to Nominate Personnel to a Key Administration Post". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved August 5, 2019 – via National Archives.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chappellet-Lanier, Tajha (August 1, 2019). "Michael Kratsios confirmed as US CTO". Fedscoop. Retrieved August 4, 2019.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Eric Lander Confirmed for Top White House Science Post | Inside Higher Ed". www.insidehighered.com. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biden elevates science post to level". msn.com. Yahoo News. AFP. January 15, 2021. Retrieved January 15, 2021.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."White House science adviser resigns after probe found he bullied staffers". February 7, 2022.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Joselow, Maxine (February 24, 2022). "White House science office to hold first event on countering climate change denial and delay". The Washington Post.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."OSTP Issues Guidance to Make Federally Funded Research Freely Available Without Delay | OSTP". The White House. August 25, 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Patel, Vimal (August 26, 2022). "White House Pushes Journals to Drop Paywalls on Publicly Funded Research". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved September 2, 2022.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Alder, Madison (March 25, 2025). "Senate confirms Michael Kratsios to lead White House science, technology office". Retrieved March 25, 2025.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."President-Elect Trump Names OSTP Director and Other High Level Science & Tech Policy Staff". CRN. January 2, 2025. Retrieved April 8, 2026.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Biden taps Eric Lander and Maria Zuber for senior science posts". MIT EAPS. Retrieved April 9, 2026.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."White House science advisor Eric Lander sworn in on Pirkei Avot published in 1492". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. June 2, 2021. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thompson, Alex. "'I am deeply sorry for my conduct': Biden's top science adviser apologizes to staff". POLITICO. Retrieved February 8, 2022.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."White House unveils 'AI bill of rights' as 'call to action' to rein in tool". washingtonpost.com. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  22. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Senate Confirms Prabhakar to Lead White House Science Office". bloomberglaw.com. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
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  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Norr, Melissa (March 20, 2009). "Holdren Confirmed as OSTP Director". Computing Research Association.
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Showstack, Randy (July 27, 2017). "Trump Administration Moving Closer to Picking Science Director". Eos. doi:10.1029/2017EO078569.
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith, Marcia (February 11, 2019). "Droegemeier Officially Sworn In As OSTP Director". SpacePolicyOnline.
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  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thomas, William (February 8, 2022). "Science Advisor Eric Lander Resigns in Disgrace". American Institute of Physics.
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ward, Myah (February 16, 2022). "Biden names 2 people to replace Eric Lander in top science roles". Politico. Retrieved February 17, 2022.
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