Iranian Canadians

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Iranian Canadians
ایرانیان کانادایی
Total population
280,805 (2021 census)[1][a]
0.8% of the total Canadian population (2021)
262,625 (Persian-speaking Canadians)[2]
0.7% of the total Canadian population (2021)
Regions with significant populations
Richmond Hill, Toronto, North Vancouver, Montreal, Ottawa
Languages
Persian, Canadian English, Canadian French Azerbaijani, Armenian, Kurdish, Mandaic, and other languages of Iran.
Religion
Predominantly Shia Islam and Irreligion
Minorities include Agnosticism, Baháʼí Faith, Christianity (Protestantism and Catholicism), Judaism, Sunni Islam, Zoroastrianism and Mandaeism
Related ethnic groups
Iranian diaspora (Iranians of UAE • Ajam of Bahrain • Ajam of Qatar • Ajam of Iraq • 'Ajam of Kuwait • Iranians of Canada • Iranians of America • Iranians of UK • Iranians of Germany • Iranians of Israel • Iranians in Turkey)

Iranian Peoples (Lurs, Achomis, Baluchs, Kurds, Iranian Azeris), Turkic peoples (Qashqai, Azerbaijanis), Huwala

Iranian Canadians or Persian Canadians[3][4] are Canadians of Iranian origin.[5] From the 2016 Canadian census, the main communities can be found in Southern Ontario, British Columbia, and Quebec. As of 2016 a total of 97,110 Iranians reside in the Greater Toronto Area,[6] 46,255 in the Greater Vancouver Area,[7] and 23,410 in the Greater Montreal Area,[8] with the remainder spread out in the other major cities of Canada, based on the 2016 Canadian Census. These numbers represent the people who stated "Iranian" as their single or joint ethnic origin in the census survey.

Terminology

Iranian-Canadian is used interchangeably with Persian-Canadian,[9][10][11][12] partly due to the fact[13] that, in the Western world, Iran was known as "Persia". On the Nowruz of 1935, Reza Shah Pahlavi asked foreign delegates to use the term Iran, the endonym of the country used since the Sasanian Empire, in formal correspondence. Since then the use of the word "Iran" has become more common in the Western countries. This also changed the usage of the terms for Iranian nationality, and the common adjective for citizens of Iran changed from "Persian" to "Iranian". In 1959, the government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Reza Shah Pahlavi's son, announced that both "Persia" and "Iran" could officially be used interchangeably.[14] However the issue is still debated today.[15][16]

While the majority of Iranian-Canadians come from Persian backgrounds, there is a significant number of non-Persian Iranians such as Azeris[17][18][19] and Kurds within the Iranian-Canadian community,[20][21] leading some scholars to believe that the label "Iranian" is more inclusive, since the label "Persian" excludes non-Persian minorities.[20] The Collins English Dictionary uses a variety of similar and overlapping definitions for the terms "Persian" and "Iranian".[22][23]

Demography

Population

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Iranian-Canadian
Population History
YearPop.±%
19815,600—    
198615,745+181.2%
199143,210+174.4%
199664,405+49.1%
200188,220+37.0%
2006121,505+37.7%
2011163,290+34.4%
2016210,405+28.9%
2021280,805[a]+33.5%
Source: Statistics Canada
[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][1]

Immigration

The first known Iranian immigrant to Canada was Hakob Melik Vartanian (Template:Langx) of Miandoab who was naturalised in Montreal, QC on 2 October 1905.[33]

In 2021, there were 213,160 individuals in Canada who had been born in Iran, of which 70,395 had immigrated to Canada since 2011.

Religion

Among all Iranian-Canadians, 103,560 (49%) identified as Muslim. Among immigrants since 2011, about 39,860 (57%) identified as Muslim while most of the rest did not identify with any religion.[34]

Iranian Canadian demography by religion
Religious group 2021[35][b] 2001[36][c]
Pop. % Pop. %
Islam 123,045 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 59,700 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Irreligion 120,250 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 11,630 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Christianity 18,270 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 6,565 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Judaism 1,235 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 455 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Hinduism 240 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 95 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Buddhism 220 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 60 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Sikhism 150 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 105 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Indigenous spirituality 35 Script error: No such module "Percentage". Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only
Other (primarily Zoroastrianism) 17,350 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 9,610 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total Iranian
Canadian population 		280,805[a] Script error: No such module "Percentage". 88,220 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Iranian/Persian Canadian demography by Christian sects
Religious group 2021[35][b] 2001[36][c]
Pop. % Pop. %
Catholic 5,100 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 2,775 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Orthodox 870 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 460 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Protestant 3,040 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,765 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Other Christian 9,260 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,565 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
Total Iranian/Persian Canadian christian population 18,270 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 6,565 Script error: No such module "Percentage".

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Geographical distribution

Provinces & territories

Iranian Canadians by province and territory (2001−2021)
Province/Territory 2021[1][a] 2016[32] 2011[31] 2006[30] 2001[29]
Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. % Pop. %
File:Flag of Ontario.svg Ontario 155,855 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 117,065 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 92,635 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 70,595 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 51,775 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia 68,545 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 47,985 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 39,285 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 29,265 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 21,910 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec 34,010 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 25,530 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 17,825 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 12,370 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 9,535 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Alberta.svg Alberta 15,185 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 13,925 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 9,215 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 5,835 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 3,130 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Manitoba.svg Manitoba 2,010 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,885 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,265 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,485 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 630 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Saskatchewan.svg Saskatchewan 1,825 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,340 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 795 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 630 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 525 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Nova Scotia.svg Nova Scotia 1,640 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,405 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 1,240 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 805 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 390 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of New Brunswick.svg New Brunswick 845 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 670 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 445 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 380 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 185 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Newfoundland and Labrador.svg Newfoundland and Labrador 535 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 215 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 180 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 60 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 35 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Prince Edward Island.svg Prince Edward Island 270 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 295 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 335 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 15 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 25 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of the Northwest Territories.svg Northwest Territories 45 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 60 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 55 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 45 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Nunavut.svg Nunavut 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 0 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Yukon.svg Yukon 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 15 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 20 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 10 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 45 Script error: No such module "Percentage".
File:Flag of Canada.svg Canada 280,805 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 210,405 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 163,290 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 121,505 Script error: No such module "Percentage". 88,220 Script error: No such module "Percentage".

British Columbia

Ontario

Islamic republic politicians/sympathizers

In 2022, Canada banned ten thousand IRGC seniors and officers from entry.[37] Iranian celebrities and government former ministers and officials are often mentioned in the news residing or traveling in Canada as well.[38][39][40][41]

During the 2025–2026 Iranian protests and the ensuing massacres and diaspora protests, it was reported on 4 February 2026 that human rights advocates in Canada urged the RCMP to investigate the IRGC officials living in Canada who are linked to the repression of protesters and crimes against humanity.[42] The Canadian Senate held a hearing on 10 February and discussed Islamic Republic agents and affiliates living freely in Canada.[43]

Notable Canadians of Iranian descent

File:Persian Newspaper Shahrvand in Toronto Editorial Team 2014.jpg
Editorial team of Shahrvand weekly in Toronto, the largest Persian newspaper in Canada

Academia

File:Persian Plaza - Yonge Street - Toronto 2014.jpg
Little Persia on Yonge Street at North York, 2014

Art and literature

Beauty pageants

Business

File:Sea Life Cavern wing at West Edmonton Mall.jpg
The Ghermezians, an Iranian-Canadian family, own the West Edmonton Mall.

Crime

Entertainment

Journalism

File:ITC TV - Persian TV Station in Toronto 2014.jpg
ITC TV, one of the Persian-language TV stations in Toronto

Various Persian-language media (including TV and newspapers) are active in Canada, including Shahrvand and Salam Toronto, which cover local events as well.[46]

Politicians

Sport

Technology

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Total population with "Iranian" (200,465 persons) and "Persian" (80,340 persons) ethnic or cultural origin responses on the 2021 census.[1]
  2. ^ a b c Religious breakdown proportions based on "Iranian" and "Persian" ethnic or cultural origin responses on the 2021 census.[35]
  3. ^ a b Religious breakdown proportions based on "Iranian" ethnic or cultural origin responses on the 2001 census.[36]
  4. ^ Does not those who don't have permanent residency (e.g study permit holder)

References

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  2. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (17 August 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population Profile table Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
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  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Nazanin Afshin-Jam: TD Bank 'Misinterpreting' Iran Sanctions In Shutting Persian-Canadians' Accounts". HuffingtonPost.ca. 2012-09-12. Archived from the original on 2018-11-14. Retrieved 2015-04-27.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories - 20% sample data". Statistics Canada. 2008-04-02. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Toronto [Census metropolitan area], Ontario and Ontario [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Vancouver [Census metropolitan area], British Columbia and British Columbia [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Canada, Government of Canada, Statistics. "Census Profile, 2016 Census - Montréal [Census metropolitan area], Quebec and Quebec [Province]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2018-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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