Animal pound
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An animal pound is a place where stray livestock were impounded. Animals were kept in a dedicated enclosure, until claimed by their owners, or sold to cover the costs of impounding.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Etymology
The terms "pinfold" and "pound" are Saxon in origin. Pundfald and pund both mean an enclosure. There appears to be no difference between a pinfold and a village pound.[1]
The person in charge of the pinfold was the "pinder", giving rise to the surname Pinder.
Village pound or pinfold
The village pound was a feature of most English medieval villages,[citation needed] and they were also found in the English colonies of North America and in Ireland.
A high-walled and lockable structure served several purposes; the most common use was to hold stray sheep, pigs and cattle until they were claimed by the owners,[citation needed] usually for the payment of a fine or levy.[2] The pound could be as small as 20 square metres (225 sq ft) or as big as Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.0.20 hectares (1⁄2 acre) and may be circular or square. Early pounds had just briar hedges, but most were built in stone or brick, making them more stock-proof.[citation needed] The size and shape of village pounds varies. Some are four-sided—rectangular, square and irregular—while others are circular. In size they vary from a few square metres (some square feet) to over 0.5 hectares (1.2 acres). Pounds are known to date from the medieval period. By the 16th century most villages and townships would have had a pound. Most of what remain today would date from the 16th and 17th centuries. Some are listed buildings, but most have fallen into disrepair.[3]
The Sussex County Magazine in 1930 stated: Template:Quote
Although pounds are most common to England, there are also examples in other countries. In Americans and Their Forests: a Historical Geography, author Michael Williams writes: "There was hardly a town in eighteenth-century New England without its town pound..."[4]
In some mountainous areas of northern Spain (such as Cantabria or Asturias) some similar enclosures are traditionally used to protect beehives from bear attacks.[5]
Cultural references
The artist Andy Goldsworthy has produced a series of sculptures in several of the pinfolds in Cumbria.[6]
See also
- Kraal
- Pen (enclosure)
- Scarisbrick, Lancashire, in which is the hamlet of Pinfold
- List of extant pinfolds in Cheshire
- Village lock-up
- Poundmaster
Notes
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- ^ An alternative spelling/pronunciation of pinfold was "poundfield", which implies a relation to the modern English word "(im)pound" (Plaque on pinfold site in Higham, Lancashire)
- ^ In Brompton the fine was called a "mulct". ("Patrick Brompton church and village" magazine; text by Jane Hatcher)
- ^ Plaque at Tockholes Pinfold, Lancashire Tockholes Pinfold
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Williams, Michael (1992). Americans and their Forests: a historical geography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-521-42837-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Naves, Javier; Ordiz, Andrés; Fernández-Gil, Alberto; Penteriani, Vincenzo; Delgado, María del Mar; López-Bao, José Vicente; Revilla, Eloy; Delibes, Miguel (28 November 2018). "Patterns of brown bear damages on apiaries and management recommendations in the Cantabrian Mountains, Spain". PLOS ONE. 13 (11) e0206733. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206733. PMC 6261554. PMID 30485290. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
- ^ "Sheepfolds & Pinfolds, Cumbrian sculpture project by Andy Goldsworthy"
References
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hubka, Thomas C. (2004), Big House, Little House, Back House, Barn: The Connected Farm Buildings of New England (20, illustrated, annotated ed.), UPNE, p. 84, ISBN 978-1-58465-372-1
External links
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- photos of examples of village pounds today on geograph
- Google maps aerial view of a pinfold in Hougham, Lincolnshire
