Pitch (sports field)

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(Redirected from Playfield)

Template:Short descriptionA pitch or a sports ground is an outdoor playing area for various sports. The term pitch is most commonly used in British English,[1] while the comparable term in Australian, American and Canadian English is playing field or sports field.[2] For most sports the official term is field of play, although this is not regularly used by those outside refereeing/umpiring circles. The field of play generally includes out-of-bounds areas that a player is likely to enter while playing a match, such as the area beyond the touchlines in association football and rugby or the sidelines in American and Canadian football, or the "foul territory" in baseball.[3]

The surface of a pitch is most commonly composed of sod (grass), but may also be artificial turf, sand, clay, gravel, concrete, or other materials. A playing field on ice may be referred to as a rink, for example an ice hockey rink, although rink may also refer to the entire building or, in the sport of curling, to either the building or a particular team.

In the sport of cricket, the cricket pitch refers not to the entire field of play, but to the section of the field on which batting and bowling take place in the centre of the field. The pitch is prepared differently from the rest of the field, to provide a harder surface for bowling.

A pitch is often a regulation space, as in an association football pitch.

The term level playing field is also used metaphorically to mean fairness in non-sporting human activities such as business where there are notional winners and losers.[4]

Fields of play in various sports

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Field sizes

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Sport Regulated by Shape Field
length		 Total
length		 Width Total
width 		Depth/height Surface Diagram
Aquatics
Artistic World Aquatics[5] Cuboid 30 meters 20 meters 3 meters
Diving 20 meters 25 meters 5 meters
Swimming (Olympic) 50 meters - 25 meters - 2-3 meters File:Swimming pool 50m 2008.svg
Swimming (short course) 25 meters - 20 meters - 2-2.5 meters
Waterpolo 25 meters - 20 meters - 1.8 meters File:Waterpolo-pool-diagram.svg
Basketball
3x3[6] FIBA[7] Oblong rectangle 11 meters - 15 meters -
Basketball 28 meters - - File:Basketball - FIBA - field diagram -en.svg
NBA[8] 94 feet (29 m) - 50 feet (15 m) - File:Basketball - NBA - field diagram -en.svg
Basque pelota
Jai alai[9] FIPV Rectangular cuboid 54 meters - 10 meters - 10 meters File:Plan jai alai 02.png
Mur à gauche 30 meters[10] File:Plan mur à gauche 30m 02.png
36 meters[11] File:Plan mur à gauche 36m 02.png
Trinquete[12] 28.5 meters 9.3 meters 8.5 meters File:Plan trinquet 02.png
Bat and ball sports
Baseball MLB Non standardized[13][14] 250–400 feet (76–122 m)[3] (distance from home plate apex to nearest center field fence) - 446.9–492.9 feet (136.2–150.2 m)[15] - grass and dirt File:Baseball field overview.svg
WBSC 400 feet (120 m) (distance from home plate apex to center field fence)[16] - Distance between foul poles (each one are 275 feet (84 m) or more from home plate apex) -
Softball[17] Circular quadrant 220–250 feet (67–76 m) (radius) - 220–250 feet (67–76 m) (radius) - File:Terrain de Softball.png
Baseball5[18] Square 18 metres (59 ft) 21 metres (69 ft) 18 metres (59 ft) 21 metres (69 ft) 1 metre (3.3 ft) (fence) File:Handmade Baseball5 field diagram.png
Vitilla[19] Circular sextant 100 feet (30 m) (radius) - 100 feet (30 m) -
Pesapallo Finnish Pesäpallo Association[20] Irregular hexagon 315 feet (96 m) - 138 feet (42 m) - - File:Pesäpallo Field measurements (Men)-EN.svg
Rounders GAA[21] Square 70 meters - 70 meters - .
Cricket ICC[22] Oval 130–180 yards (120–160 m) - 130–180 yards (120–160 m) - - File:Cricket field M&W.svg
Indoor cricket WICF[23] Rectangular cuboid 28-30 meters - 10.5-12 meters - 4-4.5 meters
Stoolball Stoolball England[24] Circle 90 yards (82 m) (diameter) - 90 yards (82 m) (diameter) - File:Player-positions.png
Lapta Russian Lapta Federation[25][26] Oblong rectangle 40-55 meters - 25-40 meters - File:Площадка для игры в лапту.jpg
Oină Romanian Oină Federation[27] Oblong rectangle 70 meters 32 meters grass File:Oina Field Animation.gif
Schlagball[28][29] Oblong rectangle + trapezium 70 meters plus an area between divergent diagonals of 140 meters behing rear flags 25 meters plus an area between divergent diagonals of 140 meters behing rear flags File:Schlagball-Spielfeld.jpg
Boules
Boccia BISFed[30] Oblong rectangle 12.5 meters - 6 meters - - polished concrete, wooden, natural or synthetic rubber. File:Cancha Boccia.jpg
Bocce volo[31] WPBF Oblong rectangle 27.5 meters - 2.5-4 meters - File:TirProgressif.png
Petanque[32] 15 meters - 4 meters -
Raffa[33] 6.5 meters - 4-4.5 meters - natural ground or synthetic material
Combat sports
Amateur boxing World boxing[34] Rectangular cuboid 6.1 meters 6.1 meters 1.3 meters canvas, rubber
Bare-knuckle boxing BKFC[35] Cylinder 22 feet (6.7 m) (diameter) 22 feet (6.7 m) (diameter)
Amateur wrestling[36] UWW Circle 9 meters (diameter) 9 meters (diameter)
International grappling[37]
Amateur MMA[38]
Fencing FIE[39] Oblong rectangle 14 meters 17–18 meters 1.5 meters - - File:Piste d'escrime.svg
Karate WKF[40] Square 8 meters 8 meters
Kickboxing (ring) WAKO[41] Rectangular cuboid 5.2 meters 5.2 meters 1.32 meters felt, rubber
Kickboxing (tatami) Square 7 meters 7 meters foam
Mixed Martial Arts UFC[42] Octagonal prism 30 feet (9.1 m) 30 feet (9.1 m) 69 inches (1.8 m)
Bellator MMA[35] Cylinder 36 feet (11 m) (diameter) 36 feet (11 m) (diameter) 69 inches (1.8 m)
Taekwondo WT[43] Octagon 8 meters 8 meters
Cue sports
Carom[44] WCBS Oblong rectangle 2.79-2.89 meters 3.065-3.115 meters 1.37-1.47 meters 1.6245-1.695 meters 0.787-0.837 meters File:Carom billiards table-dimensions.svg
Pool[45] Rounded rectangle
  • 100–100.125 inches (2.5400–2.5432 m) (9 feet)
  • 92–92.125 inches (2.3368–2.3400 m) (8 feet)
  • 107.875–115.125 inches (2.7400–2.9242 m) (9 feet)
  • 98.875–107.125 inches (2.5114–2.7210 m) (8 feet)
  • 50–50.125 inches (1.2700–1.2732 m) (9 feet)
  • 46–46.125 inches (1.1684–1.1716 m) (8 feet)
  • 57.875–65.125 inches (1.4700–1.6542 m) (9 feet)
  • 53.875–61.125 inches (1.3684–1.5526 m) (8 feet)
 29.25–31 inches (0.743–0.787 m)
Snooker[46] Oblong rectangle 140–141 inches (3.6–3.6 m) 69.5–70.5 inches (1.77–1.79 m) 33.5–34.5 inches (0.85–0.88 m)
Cycling
Artistic UCI[47] Oblong rectangle 12-14 meters - 9-11 meters - -
Cycle ball wood, parquet, chipboard, triplex, synthetic
Equestrian
Dressage FEI Oblong rectangle 60 meters - 20 meters - sand File:Dressage ring schema.svg
Polo[48][49][50] FIP Oblong rectangle 250–300 yards (230–270 m) - 160–200 yards (150–180 m) - grass
Arena polo[51][52] 50–100 yards (46–91 m) - 25–50 yards (23–46 m) - snow
Football codes
Soccer[53] FIFA Oblong rectangle
  • 100–130 yards (91–119 m)
  • 110–120 yards (100–110 m) (international)
 -
  • 50–100 yards (46–91 m)
  • 70–80 yards (64–73 m) (international)
 - grass, artificial File:Association Football field diagram -en.svg
Beach soccer[54] 35–37 meters - 26–28 meters - sand
Futsal[55]
  • 25-42 meters
  • 38-42 meters (international)
 -
  • 16-25 meters
  • 20-25 meters (international)
 - wood, artificial File:Futsal pitch.png
American[56] IFAF Oblong rectangle 100 yards (91 m) 120 yards (110 m) 160 feet (49 m) - grass, artificial File:Acre over US and Associationl football field.svg
Flag[57] (standard) 50 yards (46 m) 70 yards (64 m) 25 yards (23 m) - - solid, sand File:Terrain flag football 5v5 (règles 2019).png
Arena[58][59] Rounded rectangle 50 yards (46 m) 66 yards (60 m) 28 yards (26 m) - artificial
Canadian Football Canada[60] Oblong rectangle 110 yards (100 m) 150 yards (140 m) 65 yards (59 m) - grass, artificial File:Canadian football field with professional and amateur hashmarks.png
Rugby union World Rugby[61] Oblong rectangle 94-100 meters 106-144 meters 68-70 meters - grass, sand, clay, snow, artificial File:RugbyPitchMetricDetailed.svg
Rugby league IRL[62] 100 meters 112-122 meters 68 meters - grass File:NRL Rugby League field.svg
Australian rules (professional) AFL Commission[63] Oval 135-185 meters - 110-155 meters - grass File:Aussie rules ground distances.svg
International rules AFL Commission and GAA[64] Oblong rectangle 145 meters - 90 meters - File:International rules football field (metric).svg
Gaelic GAA[65] 130–145 meters - 80–90 meters -
Gymnastics
Artistic (floor) World Gymnastics[66] Square 11.97-12.03 meters 11.97-12.03 meters File:Praticable-plan.jpg
Artistic (vault) Oblong rectangle 32.2 meters 2.5 meters
Rhythmic Square 12.97-13.03 meters 12.97-13.03 meters
Handball
Indoor[67] and wheelchair[68] IHF Oblong rectangle 40 meters - 20 meters - File:Handball Field diagram -en.svg
Beach[69] 27 meters - 12 meters - sand File:Beach Handball Field.svg
Hockey
Ball hockey ISBHF[70] Rounded cuboid 56-61 meters - 26-30 meters - Boards (1.02-1.22 meters height) + protective glass (1.6-4 meters height) + protective end zone net asphalt
Bandy FIB[71] Oblong rectangle 100-110 meters - 60-65 meters - ice File:Bandy pitch metric.svg
Rink bandy 45-60 meters - 26-31 meters - Boards: 15-122 centimeters height
Field[72] FIH Oblong rectangle 100 yards (91 m) - 60 yards (55 m) - File:Hockey field.svg
Indoor[73] 36-44 meters - 18-22 meters - File:Indoor hockey field - it.svg
Beach[74] 30-35 meters - 20-25 meters - sand
Floorball IFF[75] Rounded cuboid 36-40 meters - 18-20 meters - File:Floorball rink1.svg
Ice IIHF[76] Rounded cuboid 61 meters - 30 meters - Boards (1.07-2.4 meters height) + protective glass (1.8-4 meters height) + protective net ice File:Ice hockey layout.svg
NHL[77] 200 feet (61 m) - 85 feet (26 m) -
Inline[78] World Skate Rounded cuboid 131–197 feet (40–60 m) - 66–98 feet (20–30 m) - Boards: 40–48 inches (1.0–1.2 m) height sport tile, wood, asphalt or cement
Quad[79] 34-44 meters - 17-22 meters - Boards: 1 meter height wood, cement File:Spielfeld Rollhockey.png
Unicycle IUF[80] Rounded rectangle 35-45 meters - 20-25 meters -
Underwater CMAS[81] Rectangular cuboid 21-25 meters - 12-15 meters - 2-3.65 meters File:Aire de jeu hockey subaquatique.jpg
Ice skating
Ice dance[82] ISU Oblong rectangle 56-60 meters - 26-30 meters - ice
Speed skating (Long track) Stadium 178 meters - 66 meters - - File:Speedskating rink 400 meters with dimensions.svg
Speed skating (Short track) 60 meters - 30 meters - -
Korfball
Korfball[83] IKF Oblong rectangle 40 meters - 20 meters - File:Korfball field diagram -en.svg
Beach[84] 20 meters - 10 meters - sand
Outdoor[85] 40-60 meters 20-30 meters
Lacrosse
Field[86] World Lacrosse Oblong rectangle 110 meters - 60 meters -
Women[87] 100 meters - 50-60 meters -
Box[88] 55-61 meters - 24-28 meters - artificial turf, concrete
Sixes[89] 70 meters - 36 meters -
Intercrosse[90] Oblong rectangle 40 meters - 20 meters - wood
Netball
Netball[91] World Netball Oblong rectangle 100 feet (30 m) - 50 feet (15 m) - wood File:Netball field diagram -en.svg
FAST5[92]
Racquet sports
Badminton BWF[93] Oblong rectangle 44 feet (13 m) 17.4 meters
  • 17 feet (5.2 m)
  • 20 feet (6.1 m) (doubles)
  • 8.18 meters
  • 9.1 meters (doubles)
 File:Badminton court.svg
Padel FIP[94] Rectangular cuboid 19.9-20.1 meters - 9.95-10.05 meters - 4 meters File:Pádel-Feld.jpg
Squash (singles) World Squash[95] Cuboid 9.75 meters - 6.40 meters - 4.57 meters File:Squash Court (Singles WSF).svg
Squash (doubles) 9.75 meters - 8.42 meters - 4.57 meters
Table tennis ITTF[96] Oblong rectangle 2.74 meters 14 meters (playing space) 1.525 meters 7 meters (playing space) 76 centimeters

91.25 centimeters (including net)

File:Table Tennis Table Blue.svg
Tennis[97] ITF Oblong rectangle 78 feet (24 m) 37 meters
  • 27 feet (8.2 m)
  • 36 feet (11 m) (doubles)
 18 meters clay, grass, hard File:Tennis court imperial.svg
Beach tennis[98] 16 meters
  • 4.5 meters
  • 8 meters (doubles)
 sand
Roller racing
Inline speed skating[99] World Skate Stadium[100]
  • 50 meters (100 m lap)
  • 60 meters (125-200 m lap)
  • 25 meters (100 m lap)
  • 30 meters (125-200 m lap)
Roller derby[101] 108 feet (33 m) 75 yards (69 m) File:Roller derby track.svg
Tag games
Kabaddi (standard)[102] IKF[103] Oblong rectangle 13 meters - 10 meters - -
Kabaddi (circle-style)[104] Circle 44 meters - 44 meters - -
Kho kho IKKF Oblong rectangle 27 meters 30 meters 16 meters 19 meters -
Kho kho (Ultimate)[105] 22 meters 26 meters 16 meters 20 meters -
Tchoukball
Tchoukball[106] FITB Oblong rectangle 26-29 meters - 15-17 meters - File:Campo tchoukball 7vs7.svg
Beach[107] 21-23 meters - 11-13 m - sand
Track and field
Indoor World Athletics[108] Stadium 90.03 meters - 45.78 meters - - File:Short track indoor athletics track and field without inner track.webp
Outdoor 176.91 meters - 92.52 meters - - File:Pista di atletica.svg
Ultimate
Ultimate[109] WFDF Oblong rectangle 64 meters 100 meters 37 meters - - File:Ultimate field.svg
Beach[110] 49 yards (45 m) 82 yards (75 m) 27 yards (25 m) - - sand
Volleyball
Volleyball[111] FIVB Oblong rectangle 18 meters 24-31 m 9 meters 15-19 meters wooden, synthetic File:VolleyballCourt.svg
Beach[112] and Beach 4x4[113] 16 meters 20-28m 8 meters 18-20 meters sand
Snow[114] 16 meters 22 meters 8 meters 14 meters snow
Sitting WPV[115] Oblong rectangle 10 meters 16 meters 6 meters 12 meters wooden, synthetic
Other
Bowling IBF Oblong rectangle 754.1875 inches (19.15636 m) 41–42 inches (1.0–1.1 m) wood or synthetic material File:20181228 Bowling lane WITH measurements.png
Canoe polo ICF[116] Oblong rectangle 35 meters 23 meters water File:Kanotpolobana.svg
Dodgeball WDA[117] Oblong rectangle 17 meters - 8 meters - - File:Dodge court.png
Fistball IFA[118] Oblong rectangle 50 meters 62 meters 20 meters 32 meters File:Faustball Spielfeld.svg
Gaelic games GAA[65] Oblong rectangle 145 meters - 90 meters - grass
Goalball IBSA[119] Oblong rectangle 18 meters - 9 meters - wood, plastic or synthetic File:Goalball field diagram -en.svg
International game[120] CIJB Oblong rectangle 70 meters - 20 meters - - Concrete or asphalt File:Terrain du jeu international.jpg
One-wall handball[121] 10.6 meters - 6.1 meters - 4.9 meters File:Fronton courtfield.png
Sepak takraw ISTAF[122] Oblong rectangle 44 feet (13 m) 19.4 meters 20 feet (6.1 m) 12.1 meters File:Sepak Takraw court diagram.svg
Shinty Camanachd Association[123] Oblong rectangle 140–170 yards (130–160 m) - 70–80 yards (64–73 m) - File:Camanachdfield.jpg
Weightlifting IWF[124] Square 4 meters 4 meters hardwood
Wheelchair rugby WWR[125] Oblong rectangle 28 meters - 15 meters - File:Wheelchair rugby court.png
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Different sports
Baseball and Cricket
Basketball
Football codes
Association football
Soccer and Polo
Ice hockey
Field size comparisons

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Game court

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Game court is one of the names for a multi-sport athletic space, typically constructed outdoors, where such games as basketball, volleyball, paddle tennis and other racquet sports, and up to a dozen more games and activities can be played. They are usually smaller than a regulation tennis (120' x 60') or basketball (84'x50') court, although there is no set dimensions or size for a game court. The game-court concept was popularized by Sport Court in the 1970s, and some generic references are made to game courts as 'sport courts', although that is a trademark of Connor Sport Court International, LLC. Game courts are often found in residential backyards, giving families and children opportunities for healthy recreation close to home.

Game courts are usually constructed using a rectangular sub-base made from concrete or asphalt, then covered with an open-grid modular polypropylene (or similar) sports surface to improve safety. Most feature athletic equipment such as basketball goals, net systems for racquet sports, volleyball and badminton, lights for nighttime play, fencing or ball containment netting, hockey/soccer goals, lines or markings for various sports, and practice or training components can also be incorporated into the design.

Surface

The surface of a game court—as opposed to simply playing on concrete or asphalt—is designed for safe play and to reduce injury. Many people have started to use suspended athletic courts to cover old athletic courts like tennis courts and basketball courts. The surface should provide appropriate traction for various types of sports and activities, as well as shock or force reduction to minimize overuse and stress injuries.

Game courts are typically custom-designed to the interests of the family or organization, and are versatile in enabling a wide variety of sports to be played in a relatively small space. Some activities played on a game court are enjoyable modifications of other sports (such as short-court tennis) that allow for similar skills to be developed as the 'regulation' game, but on a reduced-scale court size. A typical game court of 50 by 30 feet (15.2 m × 9.1 m) might include a basketball key and 3-point line arranged around a hoop, overlaid by short-court tennis or pickleball lines (which can also be used for volleyball or badminton) along the longer dimension.

Ball containment

Game courts for private use will frequently be built with a high fence surrounding the surface to allow for containment of the ball used in play, and, if required, to prevent people from entering. Any of several materials have been used, including chain-link fencing, welded wire mesh fence, and fabric mesh or netting.

See also

References

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