Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
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| Formula | (C10H10N4NaO7P)x • (C9H11N3NaO7P)x |
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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C or poly(I:C)) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections.[1]
Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed at the endosomal membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system.[2]
Poly I:C has been shown to activate schizophrenia-like behavior in the offspring of pregnant mice, which can be accompanied by decreased GABAergic transmission in the dentate gyrus.[3]
Chemistry
Poly I:C is a mismatched double-stranded RNA with one strand being a polymer of inosinic acid, the other a polymer of cytidylic acid. Hypoxanthine and cytosine form Watson–Crick base pairs, although with less stability than guanine and cytosine base pairing.[4]
Variants
Optimization of physicochemical properties of poly I:C has led to generation of derivatives that have increased stability in body fluids (such as polyICLC), or reduced toxicity through reduced stability in body fluids (such as poly I:C12U).[5]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (October 2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 287 (4): R759–R766. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185. S2CID 24028101.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Li Y, Xu XL, Zhao D, Pan LN, Huang CW, Guo LJ, et al. (November 2015). "TLR3 ligand Poly IC Attenuates Reactive Astrogliosis and Improves Recovery of Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia". CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics. 21 (11): 905–913. doi:10.1111/cns.12469. PMC 4638223. PMID 26494128.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Xia Y, Zhang Z, Lin W, Yan J, Zhu C, Yin D, et al. (October 2020). "Modulating microglia activation prevents maternal immune activation induced schizophrenia-relevant behavior phenotypes via arginase 1 in the dentate gyrus". Neuropsychopharmacology. 45 (11): 1896–1908. doi:10.1038/s41386-020-0743-7. PMC 7608378. PMID 32599605.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mendoza HG, Beal PA (2024). "Structural and functional effects of inosine modification in mRNA". RNA. 30 (5). Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: 512–520. doi:10.1261/rna.079977.124. PMC 11019749. PMID 38531652.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Naumann K, Wehner R, Schwarze A, Petzold C, Schmitz M, Rohayem J (2013-12-02). "Activation of dendritic cells by the novel Toll-like receptor 3 agonist RGC100". Clinical & Developmental Immunology. 2013 283649. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.
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