Principense Creole
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| Principense Creole | |
|---|---|
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| Native to | São Tomé and Príncipe |
Native speakers | 200 (2021)Template:Ethnologue25 does not exist |
Portuguese-based creole
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| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | pre |
| Glottolog | prin1242 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Principense Creole (endonym: Script error: No such module "Lang".) is a Portuguese-based creole language spoken in São Tomé and Príncipe, specifically the island of Príncipe. There are two Portuguese creoles on the island of São Tomé, Angolar and Forro.[1] Today, younger generations of São Toméans are not likely to speak Principense, which has led to its fast decline and moribund status.[2] It is mostly spoken by the elderly (Ethnologue gives a figure of approximately 200 native speakers in total), while most of the island's community speaks noncreole Portuguese; some also speak another, closely related creole, Forro.
Principense presents many similarities with the Forro on São Tomé and may be regarded as a Forro dialect. Like Forro, it is a creole language heavily lexified by Portuguese with substrates of Bantu and Kwa.
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Holm, John A. (1989). Pidgins and Creoles: Reference Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. p. 277. ISBN 978-0-521-35940-5.
- ^ Estudo do Léxico do São-Tomense com Dicionário, Carlos Fontes - Universidade de Coimbra.
Further reading
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schuchardt, Hugo (1889). "Beiträge zur Kenntnis des kreolischen Romanisch IV. Zum Negerportugiesischen der Ilha do Principe" [Contributions to the knowledge of Romance Creoles IV. On the Negro Portuguese of Ilha do Principe]. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (in German). 13: 464–475.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Günther, Wilfried (1973). Das portugiesische Kreolisch der Ilha do Príncipe [The Portuguese Creole of Ilha do Príncipe]. Marburg an der Lahn.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Maurer, Philippe (2009). Principense (Lung'Ie): Grammar, Texts, and Vocabulary of the Afro-Portuguese Creole of the island of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea. London: Battlebridge.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Araujo, Vanessa Pinheiro de (2012). Um dicionário principense-português [A Principe-Portuguese dictionary] (Master's thesis) (in português). Universidade de São Paulo. doi:10.11606/d.8.2013.tde-11062013-101052.
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agostinho, Ana Lívia (2015). Fonologia e método pedagógico do lung'le [Phonology and pedagogical method of Lung'le] (Doctor's thesis) (in português). Universidade de São Paulo. doi:10.11606/t.8.2014.tde-22062015-141126.
External links
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