Neotropical bellbird
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Neotropical bellbird (or simply bellbird) is the common name given to passerine birds of the genus Procnias, found in the Neotropics. They are members of the cotinga family. They are all restricted to tropical or subtropical humid forested regions, often in low mountains or foothills. As indicated by their common name, they all have extremely loud calls that are reminiscent of a metal bell being rung.
Three of the four species are restricted to South America, while the last, the three-wattled bellbird, is restricted to southern Central America.[2]
They are strongly sexually dimorphic. Males have an at least partially white plumage, and facial wattles or bare facial skin. Females lack the wattles/bare facial skin, and are overall olive with yellowish streaks below.[2]
Taxonomy
The genus Procnias was introduced in 1811 by the German zoologist Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger.[3] The name comes from Greek mythology, Procne was an Athenian princess who was metamorphosed into a swallow.[4] The type species was designated as the bearded bellbird by George Gray in 1840.[5][6]
The genus contains four species.[7] Template:Species table
Cultural impact
In Brazil, the Neotropical bellbird is known as "araponga". After 1990, it became a slang for "spy" after the release of the Globo soap opera Araponga, as the character interpreted by Tarcísio Meira was codenamed after the bird.[8]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cotingidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-24.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Snow, David W. (2004). "Family Cotingidae (Cotingas)". In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Christie, D.A. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 9: Cotingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp. 32–108 [104–105]. ISBN 978-84-87334-69-6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Illiger, Johann Karl Wilhelm (1811). Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium (in Latin). Berolini [Berlin]: Sumptibus C. Salfeld. p. 228.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 317. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gray, George Robert (1840). A List of the Genera of Birds : with an Indication of the Typical Species of Each Genus. London: R. and J.E. Taylor. p. 34.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Traylor, Melvin A. Jr, ed. (1979). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 8. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 305.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2021). "Cotingas, manakins, tityras, becards". IOC World Bird List Version 11.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 7 December 2021.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Araponga foi invenção de Dias Gomes". Folha de S.Paulo (in português do Brasil). 26 September 1999. Archived from the original on 1 September 2025. Retrieved 1 September 2025.
Further reading
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- Snow, D.W. (1982). The Cotingas: Bellbirds, Umbrella birds and their allies. British Museum Press. Template:ISBN
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