Resia, Friuli Venezia Giulia
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Resia (Resian: Script error: No such module "Lang".; Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is a Script error: No such module "Lang". (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy, bordering on the municipalities of Chiusaforte, Lusevera, Resiutta, and Venzone, and also on two of the Slovenian municipalities (Kobarid and Bovec). Its residents speak an archaic dialect known as Resian, which is – according to most linguists – a transitional dialect between the Carinthian and Littoral dialects of Slovene. Although they maintain their own traditional system of family names, which are of Slavic origin, the people of Resia have either Italian or Italianized surnames, similarly to some areas in Venetian Slovenia.
It is located in the alpine valley of the same name in the Julian Alps, about 90 kilometres (56 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 35 kilometres (22 mi) north of Udine, on the border with Slovenia and around 20 kilometres (12 mi) from the border with Austria. As of 1 January 2015, it had a population of 1,048 and an area of 119.0 square kilometres (45.9 mi2).[1]
Geographical location
The municipality comprises the Resia Valley, a typical Alpine glacial valley, surrounded by high mountains of the Julian Alps, with a narrow opening towards the west. The valley is located on the western edge of a high mountain range of the Julian Alps. To the east, it is closed by the Kanin mountain group also of the Julian Alps, which separates it from the Soča valley in the Slovenian Littoral. To the west, the valley opens towards the Fella valley, which leads to the upper Friulian plain. This is the most usual way to access this isolated valley.
To the south-east of the Resia Valley, there is a narrow mountain pass, called Carnizza (Template:Langx), leading from Resia Valley to the upper Torre Valley (Template:Langx). The same mountain pass also leads to the Učja Canyon (Uccea), which ends in the Soča valley near the Slovenian village of Žaga. For centuries, this narrow pass was the only way connecting the Resia Valley with Venetian Slovenia and the Slovene Lands.
Language and traditions
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The inhabitants of Resia speak a unique dialect, known as the Resian. According to the dialectologist Tine Logar, Resian is a transitory dialect between the Carinthian and Littoral dialects of Slovene. Resian maintains several archaic features that have been lost in most other Slovene dialects. Due to its isolation, the dialect has also developed a specific phonetic system, unlike any other in the South Slavic language group.[2] In 1994, the linguist Han Steenwijk published the orthography of the Resian, in 1999 the first part of its reference grammar, and in 2005 a small orthographic dictionary.[3]
The people of Resia have conflicting opinions on whether they consider themselves Slovenes[4] although they maintain close cultural, economic and family connections with the people of the historical region known as Slavia Friulana, where Slovene linguistic and cultural identity is much more rooted. The Resians call their dialect rozajanski, while they frequently refer to the dialect of Bovec, which is the first large Slovene settlement on the other side of the Kanin mountain range, as tabuški, meaning 'the one from Bovec'.
Since 2007, the Resia has been included in those municipalities where the Law on the Protection of the Slovene Linguistic Community is to be applied.[5] Many bilingual signs have been erected in the valley since the early 2000s.
The Resian people are known for their rich folkloric traditions, especially their music and dances. Many Slovenian folk and folk rock groups, such as Katalena and Terrafolk, have drawn their inspiration from the Resian folk tradition. Resian folklore is also renowned for its fables, which have been extensively collected, translated into standard Slovene and published in various Slovenian publications since the late 19th century. With more than 400 different folk stories told, Resian Slovenian peddler and a folk storyteller Valentina Pielich - Tina Vajtova (also Tina Vajtawa) is considered one of the best folk storytellers of Resian fairy tales.
Cultural associations
Since the 1990s, several cultural institutions have been set up to promote the historical and cultural heritage of the valley. The most important is the Cultural Association 'Resian Home' (Te kultürski čirkolo "Rozajanski Dum", Italian: Circolo culturale resiano "Rozajanski dum", standard Slovene: Kulturno društvo "Rezijanski dom"), founded in 1983 to foster and protect the local culture.[6] In the 1990s, the 'Resian Cultural Centre' (Ta Rozajanska Kultürska Hïša, Italian: Centro Culturale Resiano, standard Slovene: Rezijanski kulturni dom) was established as the central cultural venue in the valley. Both associations are fully included in the network of cultural associations of the Slovene minority in Italy.[7]
Identity disputes and minority rights
The political and public sphere in the valley is highly divided between those who understand the Resian identity in the frame of the Slovene minority in Italy, and those who oppose this identification and refuse to be considered part of the Slovene people.[8] While the majority of the Resian cultural associations are integrated in the network of the Slovene minority in Italy,[6][7] there are also political movements rejecting the identification of Resians with Slovenes.[9]
The majority of the population does not consider itself Slovene.[needs update?]Template:DMCA[10] In 2004, 1,014 out of 1,285 (78.9%) inhabitants of Resia signed a petition declaring that they are not Slovenes.[10]
In January 2009 the mayor of the Resia municipality, Sergio Barbarino, who is not a Resian, filed an official demand that Resia be included among the municipalities in which the Italian–Slovene bilingualism is applied.[11] The subsequent mayor Sergio Chinese – himself a native of Resia – declared that "Resia and the Resians have nothing in common with the Slovenes" and that the Resian language "has nothing to do with Slovene".[11] He requested that Resia be removed from the list of municipalities where Italian–Slovene bilingualism is applied.[11]
In February 2010, the new municipal administration of Resia replaced the bilingual Italian–Resian road signs with new ones, in which the Resian place names were written in the Italian orthography instead of the scholarly accepted New Resian orthography.[12] The Slovenian Foreign Ministry denounced the incident and brought it to the attention of the international community as an evidence of the institutional subversion of minority rights in Italy.[12]
In March 2010, the Italian Ministry of Interior confirmed that Resia is to be considered part of the bilingual Italian-Slovene territory and that linguistic rights guaranteed by the Italian Act for the Protection of the Slovene Minority are to be fully applied in Resia.[13] In August 2010, the municipal assembly of Resia asked for the removal of Resia from the list of municipalities, in which the Law for the Protection of the Slovene Linguistic Community is enforced.[11] However, such removal is not possible according to the law.
Demographic evolution
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Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.3) id:sfondo value:rgb(1,1,1) id:barra value:rgb(0.664, 0.664, 0.930) ImageSize = width:600 height:180 PlotArea = left:44 bottom:27 top:20 right:10 DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:5000 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:1000 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:500 start:0 BackgroundColors = canvas:sfondo TextData = pos:(300,20) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"year" pos:(285,182) textcolor:black fontsize:M text:"population" BarData= bar:1870 text:1870 bar:1871 bar:1872 bar:1873 bar:1874 bar:1875 bar:1876 bar:1877 bar:1878 bar:1879 bar:1880 text:1880 bar:1881 bar:1882 bar:1883 bar:1884 bar:1885 bar:1886 bar:1887 bar:1888 bar:1889 bar:1890 text:1890 bar:1891 bar:1892 bar:1893 bar:1894 bar:1895 bar:1896 bar:1897 bar:1898 bar:1899 bar:1900 text:1900 bar:1901 bar:1902 bar:1903 bar:1904 bar:1905 bar:1906 bar:1907 bar:1908 bar:1909 bar:1910 text:1910 bar:1911 bar:1912 bar:1913 bar:1914 bar:1915 bar:1916 bar:1917 bar:1918 bar:1919 bar:1920 text:1920 bar:1921 bar:1922 bar:1923 bar:1924 bar:1925 bar:1926 bar:1927 bar:1928 bar:1929 bar:1930 text:1930 bar:1931 bar:1932 bar:1933 bar:1934 bar:1935 bar:1936 bar:1937 bar:1938 bar:1939 bar:1940 text:1940 bar:1941 bar:1942 bar:1943 bar:1944 bar:1945 bar:1946 bar:1947 bar:1948 bar:1949 bar:1950 text:1950 bar:1951 bar:1952 bar:1953 bar:1954 bar:1955 bar:1956 bar:1957 bar:1958 bar:1959 bar:1960 text:1960 bar:1961 bar:1962 bar:1963 bar:1964 bar:1965 bar:1966 bar:1967 bar:1968 bar:1969 bar:1970 text:1970 bar:1971 bar:1972 bar:1973 bar:1974 bar:1975 bar:1976 bar:1977 bar:1978 bar:1979 bar:1980 text:1980 bar:1981 bar:1982 bar:1983 bar:1984 bar:1985 bar:1986 bar:1987 bar:1988 bar:1989 bar:1990 text:1990 bar:1991 bar:1992 bar:1993 bar:1994 bar:1995 bar:1996 bar:1997 bar:1998 bar:1999 bar:2000 text:2000 bar:2001 bar:2002 bar:2003 bar:2004 bar:2005 bar:2006 bar:2007 bar:2008 bar:2009 bar:2010 text:2010 bar:2011 bar:2012 bar:2013 bar:2014 bar:2015 bar:2016 bar:2017 bar:2018 bar:2019 bar:2020 text:2020 PlotData= color:barra width:5 align:left bar:1871 from: 0 till:3275 bar:1881 from: 0 till:3703 bar:1901 from: 0 till:3952 bar:1911 from: 0 till:4671 bar:1921 from: 0 till:3695 bar:1931 from: 0 till:3114 bar:1936 from: 0 till:2994 bar:1951 from: 0 till:3350 bar:1961 from: 0 till:2830 bar:1971 from: 0 till:1805 bar:1981 from: 0 till:1547 bar:1991 from: 0 till:1318 bar:2001 from: 0 till:1285 bar:2011 from: 0 till:1064 bar:2014 from: 0 till:1048</timeline> | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Twin towns
Resia is twinned with:
- Template:Flagicon Fryazino, Russia
Notable natives and residents
- Jan Niecisław Baudouin de Courtenay, Polish linguist, who lived in Resia studying the Resian dialect
- Valentina Pielich - Tina Vajtova (also Tina Vajtawa), (1900–1984), Resian Slovenian peddler and a folk storyteller of Resian fairy tales
References
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- ^ All demographics and other statistics: Italian statistical institute Istat.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Logar, Tine (1996). Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave. Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, ZRC SAZU. p. 406. ISBN 9789616182188.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Šekli, Matej (2015). "Rezijanščina: geneolingvistična in sociolingvistična opredelitev" [Resian: Genealogical and Sociolinguistic Definition]. Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne (in slovenščina) (8): 199–214. doi:10.14746/pss.2015.8.13. ISSN 2084-3011. Template:Catalog lookup link.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Valentinčič, Dejan (2016). "»Ta rožina dolina« med dvema ognjema: pogled na zgodovinske razloge za razdeljeno kulturno identiteto v Reziji in kratek opis današnjih konfliktov" ["Ta Rožina Dolina" Between Two Fires: a Look at the Historical Reasons for the Divided Cultural Identity in Resia and a Brief Description of Today's Conflicts]. Acta Histriae (in slovenščina). 24 (2). Template:Catalog lookup link.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ministero dell'Interno - Legislazione". Archived from the original on 2011-11-11. Retrieved 2011-11-08.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Unknown".[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rozajanski dum | Zveza slovenskih kulturnih društev". www.zskd.eu. Archived from the original on 2009-10-16.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Slomedia.it".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Home". valresia.splinder.com.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.""Siamo resiani e non sloveni" Mille firme per un referendum" ["We are Resians and not Slovenians" One thousand signatures for a referendum]. Il Messaggero. February 5, 2004.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Delo - Vedeti več pomeni imeti moč". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Resia, tabelle bilingui denunciate all'Onu". Archived from the original on 2012-03-04.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."STA: Italijansko notranje ministrstvo za dvojezične izkaznice v Reziji". www.sta.si. Archived from the original on 2012-03-10.
External links
- Municipality website (in Italian and Resian)
- www.resianet.org Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- The song 'Lipa ma Mariza', one of the main cultural symbols of the valley
- Folk music from Resia
- Resian folk song
- Resian folk song
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