Pace (unit)
Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Hatnote list' not found. A pace is a unit of length consisting either of one normal walking step (approximately 0.75 metres or 30 inches), or of a double step, returning to the same foot (approximately 1.5 metres or 60 inches). The normal pace length decreases with age and some health conditions.[1] The word "pace" is also used for units inverse to speed, used mainly for walking and running, commonly minutes per kilometer.[2]
The word "pace" is also used to translate similar formal units in other systems of measurement. Pacing is also used as an informal measure in surveying, with the "pace" equal to two of the surveyor's steps reckoned through comparison with a standard rod or chain.
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Standardized units
Like other traditional measurements, the pace started as an informal unit of length, but was later standardized, often with the specific length set according to a typical brisk or military marching stride.
In the United States the pace is an uncommon customary unit of length denoting a brisk single step and equal to Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.2+1⁄2 feet or 30.0 inches or 76.2 centimetres.[3][4]
The Ancient Roman pace (Template:Langx) was notionally the distance of a full stride from the position of one heel where it raised off of the ground to where it set down again at the end of the step: two steps, one by each foot. Under Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, it was standardized as the distance of two steps (Script error: No such module "Lang".) or five Roman feet (Script error: No such module "Lang".), about 1.48 meters or 4 feet 10 inches. One thousand paces were described simply as Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang"., now known as a Roman mile; this is the origin of the English term "mile".
The Byzantine pace (Template:Langx, bḗma) was an adaption of the Roman step, a distance of 2½ Greek feet.[7] The double pace (Script error: No such module "Lang"., bḗma diploûn), meanwhile, was similar to the Roman unit, comprising 5 Greek feet.
The Welsh pace (Template:Langx) was reckoned as 3 Welsh feet of 9 inches and thus may be seen as similar to the English yard: 3 paces made up a leap and 9000 a Welsh mile.
The Russian Script error: No such module "Lang". is an archaic unit equal to 28 inches (710 mm) by definition. This originates from the Ottoman Script error: No such module "Lang". of around 27 inches (690 mm), defined as an arm's length.[i] In the 18th century, the Anglophile Peter the Great redefined the value of the units in terms of English units. The new Script error: No such module "Lang". became a 'pace' of exactly 28".[8] Military use of this measure encouraged the thought of it as a pace, and thus easily measured in the field, and so it became the calibration measure for rifle sights.[9]
See also
- Anthropic units
- Bematist
- Roman & Byzantine units
- English & Welsh units
- Pacing in surveying
- Pace count beads
- Horse gait
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morio, Yuji; Izawa, Kazuhiro; Omori, Yoshitsugu; Katata, Hironobu; Ishiyama, Daisuke; Koyama, Shingo; Yamano, Yoshihisa (2019). "The Relationship between Walking Speed and Step Length in Older Aged Patients". Diseases. 7 (1): 17. doi:10.3390/diseases7010017. ISSN 2079-9721. PMC 6473831. PMID 30717332.
- ^ Differences - "Pace" vs. "Speed"
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Appendix G: Weights and Measures", The World Factbook, Washington: Central Intelligence Agency, 2013, archived from the original on 2011-04-06, retrieved 2024-12-07
- ^ U.S. Army Map Reading and Navigation, p. 5.8, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009 Template:ISBN.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schilbach, Erich, Byzantinische Metrologie. Template:In lang
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ménage, V.L. (1973), "Reviews: Speros Vryonis, Jr.: The decline of medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the process of islamization from the eleventh through the fifteenth century.", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, vol. 36, No. 3, University of London, pp. 659–661, JSTOR 613605
- ^ Schilbach,[5] cited by Ménage.[6]
- ^ s:ru:БСЭ1/Аршин, Great Soviet Encyclopedia
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mosin Nagant Sights". 7.62x54r.net.
