Skyros

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Skyros (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".), in some historical contexts Latinized Scyros (Template:Langx, Script error: No such module "IPA".), is an island in Greece. It is the southernmost inhabited island of the Sporades, an archipelago in the Aegean Sea. Around the 2nd millennium BC, the island was known as The Island of the Magnetes; later, it was consecutively known as Pelasgia, Dolopia, and finally Skyros. At Template:Cvt, it is the largest island of the Sporades, and had a population of about 3,000 in 2021.

Municipality

The municipality Skyros is part of the regional unit of Euboea.[1] Apart from the island Skyros, the municipality consists of the small inhabited island of Skyropoula and a few smaller uninhabited islands. The total area of the municipality is Template:Cvt.[2]

Etymology

One account associates the name Skyros with skyron or skiron, meaning "stone debris".[3] The island had a reputation for its decorative stone.[4]

History

File:ISLANDS off THESSALY, Skyros. c. 485-480 BC.jpg
Early coinage of Skyros, c. 485–480 BC

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". According to Greek mythology, Theseus died on Skyros when the local king, Lycomedes, threw him from a cliff. The island is also famous in the myths as the place from where Achilles set sail for Troy after Odysseus discovered him in the court of Lycomedes.[5] Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, was from Skyros (or Scyros, as its name is sometimes transliterated), as told in Book Nineteen of the Iliad (lines 326-327) and in the play by Sophocles, Philoctetes (line 239). A small bay named Achili on the east coast of the island is said to be the place from where Achilles left with the Greeks, or rather where Achilles landed during a squall that befell the Greek fleet following an abortive initial expedition landing astray in Mysia.[6]

In c. 475 BC, according to Thucydides (1.98), Cimon defeated the Dolopians (the original inhabitants) and conquered the entire island. From that date, Athenian settlers colonized it and it became a part of the Athenian Empire. The island lay on the strategic trade route between Attica and the Black Sea (Athens depended on supplies of grain reaching it through the Hellespont). Cimon claimed to have found the remains of Theseus, and returned them to Athens.

In 340 BC, the Macedonians took over the island and dominated it until 192 BC, when King Philip V of Macedon and the Roman Republican forces restored it to Athens.

File:Κάστρο Σκύρου - Είσοδος.jpg
View of the medieval castle
File:Vue du village de St George de Skyros - Choiseul-gouffier Gabriel Florent Auguste De - 1782.jpg
Skyros, 1782
File:Admiralty Chart No 2048 Skyros, Published 1851.jpg
Admiralty Chart of Skyros, surveyed by Thomas Graves, Published 1851

After the Fourth Crusade of 1202–1204, the island became part of the domain of Geremia Ghisi. The Byzantines retook it in 1277. After the Fall of Constantinople, Venetians again ruled the island until 1538, when it passed to the Ottoman Empire. It became part of the new Greek state in 1830.

In 1848, Captain Thomas Graves surveyed Skyros for the British Admiralty in the frigate Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:WPSHIPS utilities/data' not found.. He travelled around the island, and a record of his observations was published the following year.[7]

Rupert Brooke, the famous English poet, is buried on Skyros, having died on board a French hospital-ship moored off the island on 23 April 1915, during World War I.[8] Present at Brooke's burial that same evening, were Patrick Shaw-Stewart and William Denis Browne.[9] The tomb that visitors see today when they visit the grave, which is located in the Tris Boukes Bay, is one that was commissioned by Brooke’s mother and was placed after the 1st World War. On the tomb is an inscription of Brooke's famous poem The Soldier.[10]

In 1941 Pulitzer Prize-winning poet Karl Shapiro wrote the World War II poem Scyros, which he set on the island Skyros "because it was a tribute to and irony upon Rupert Brooke."[11]

In 1963 the Archaeological Museum of Skyros was established, with the inauguration taking place 10 years later in 1973. The Faltaits Folklore Museum was founded in 1964[12] - one of the first local folklore museums to operate in Greece.[13]

Spanish flu

In 1918, during the spanish flu, approximately one third of the island's population died in less than 30 days. Specifically, the influenza began on 27 October 1918, and of the 3,200 inhabitants on the island, almost 2,000 were infected and 1,000 died.[14] Konstantinos Faltaits [el] described the dire consequences of the pandemic in a rare chronicle published in 1919, titled Script error: No such module "Lang". 'The flu in Skyros'.[15]

Geography

The north of the island is covered by a forest, while the south, dominated by the highest mountain, called Kochila, (792 m), is bare and rocky. The island's capital is also called Skyros (or, locally, Chora). The main port, on the west coast, is Linaria. The island has a castle (the kastro) that dates from the Venetian occupation (13th to 15th centuries), a Byzantine monastery (the Monastery of Saint George), the grave of English poet Rupert Brooke in an olive grove by the road leading to Tris Boukes harbour. There are many beaches on the coast. The island has its own breed of Skyrian ponies.

Climate

Skyros has a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Csa) with mild to cool, rainy winters and pleasantly warm, dry summers. Script error: No such module "weather box".

Historical population

Year Population
1981 2,757
1991 2,901[17]
2001 2,602[18]
2011 2,994
2021 3,052

Transportation

Air travel

Skyros is home to the Skyros Island National Airport, a one-runway airport.

Sea travel

Skyros Shipping Company operates the ferry service to Skyros. During holiday season the ferry runs twice daily from Kymi to Linaria on Skyros. During the winter months the service operates daily.[19] The ship has the name "Achilleas SKYROS SHIPPING CO." (Greek: Αχιλλέας ΣΚΥΡΟΣ ΝΑΥΤΙΚΗ ΕΤΑΙΡΙΑ).

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ΦΕΚ A 87/2010, Kallikratis reform law text" (in Ελληνικά). Government Gazette. Archived from the original on 2021-10-23. Retrieved 2021-09-07.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Ελληνικά). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."History of Skyros Island". 2016. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2018. "Skiron" or "Skyron" means "stone debris".
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lazzarini, Lorenzo (1999). "Characterisation and differentiation of the Skyros marbles (Greece) and the Medici's breccias (Italy)". In Max Schvoerer (ed.). Actes de la Conference internationale ASMOSIA, 9-13 Octobre 1995, Archeomateriaux - Marbres at autres roches. Conference internationale ASMOSIA (Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones used in Antiquity). Vol. 4. Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l'archéologie. Presses Univ. de Bordeaux. p. 117. ISBN 9782867812446. Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 9 November 2018. The breccias of the Greek island of Skyros were largely used since Roman times for their beauty and low price.
  5. ^ Template:Cite Iliad
  6. ^ See scholia (bT) ad Iliad 9.326 for the latter story and the harbor's name.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Graves, Thomas (1849). "The Isle of Skyros". The Journal of the Royal Geographical Society of London. 19: 152–160. doi:10.2307/1798090. JSTOR 1798090.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Rupert Brooke". Archived from the original on 5 April 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2010.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blevins, Pamela (2000). "William Denis Browne (1888–1915)". Musicweb International. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2007.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Grave of Rupert Brooke". Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2019.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shapiro, Karl (1988–1990). Poet : an autobiography in three parts. Vol. The Younger Son. Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill. pp. 119. ISBN 0912697865. OCLC 17651234.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."museum". users.otenet.gr. Archived from the original on 2019-06-14. Retrieved 2018-11-09.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Guide to the island of Skyros". Archived from the original on 8 February 2021. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mammas, Ioannis N.; Theodoridou, Maria; Thiagarajan, Prakash; Melidou, Angeliki; Papaioannou, Georgia; Korovessi, Paraskevi; Koutsaftiki, Chryssie; Papatheodoropoulou, Alexia; Calachanis, Marcos; Dalianis, Tina; Spandidos, Demetrios A. (June 2019). "A paediatric influenza update 100 years after the Skyros island Spanish flu outbreak - Spandidos Publications". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. 17 (6): 4327–4336. doi:10.3892/etm.2019.7515. PMC 6507498. PMID 31186675.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Καλαμαράς, Βασίλης Κ. (9 November 2020). "Κωνσταντίνος Φαλτάιτς (1891-1944): Το χρονικό της ισπανικής γρίππης στη Σκύρο". Enetpress (in Ελληνικά).
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Climatic Data by City, HNMS, Hellenic National Meteorological Service".
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Απογραφή Πληθυσμού 1991 – GEODATA.gov.gr". geodata.gov.gr (in Ελληνικά). Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Απογραφή Πληθυσμού 2001 – GEODATA.gov.gr". geodata.gov.gr (in Ελληνικά). Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Skyros Island Beach Guide". Greek Islands Postcards. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020.

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