Sens

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File:Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot 023.jpg
Inside the cathedral of Sens, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, c. 1874

Sens (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a commune in the Yonne department in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in north-central France, 120 km southeast from Paris.

Sens is a sub-prefecture and the second largest city of the department, the eighth largest in the region. It is crossed by the Yonne and the Vanne, which empties into the Yonne here. As of 2023, the municipality had 27,106 inhabitants. Its inhabitants are called les Sénonais in French.

The city was rewarded with the distinction of Grand Prix et quatre fleurs in 2007 at Concours des villes et villages fleuris.[3]

Geography

Sens is located at the extreme north-west of the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, on the border of three regions, namely the Île-de-France, the Grand Est and the Centre-Val de Loire. Located on the course of the river Yonne in the valley of the same name, the city is bordered by the hills of Paron and Saint-Martin-du-Tertre to the west, extension of the plateau of Gâtinais which also extends to the Loiret. To the east, it is bordered by the forest of Othe which extends over the department of Aube. To the north, the Yonne valley leads to the Brie in Seine-et-Marne.

History

The city is said to have been one of the oppida of the Senones, one of the oldest Celtic tribes living in Gaul. The Battle of the Allia was fought c. 387 BC[4][5] between the Senones – a Gallic tribe led by Brennus, who had invaded Northern Italy – and the Roman Republic. It is mentioned as Agedincum by Julius Caesar[6] several times in his Commentarii de Bello Gallico. In 53 BC, during the invasion of Gaul, Caesar wintered six legions, at the place called « the camp of Caesar » south of the city.[7] The Roman city was built during the first century BC and surrounded by walls during the third (notable parts of the walls still remain, with alterations along the centuries). It still retains today the skeleton of its Roman street plan.[8] The site was referred to by Ammianus Marcellinus as Senones (oppidum Senonas), where the future emperor Julian faced an Alamannic siege for a few months, but it did not become an administrative center until after the reorganization of the Roman Empire in 375, when it was the chief town of Lugdunensis Quarta.

During the Middle Ages its archbishops held the prestigious role of primate of Gaul and Germany. The bishop of Sens became an archbishop as early as the mid-5th century, but the cult of the traditional founders Savinian and Potentian, not mentioned by Gregory of Tours, did not appear until the 8th century, when they were added to the local recension of the Seventy Apostles.[9] The Hôtel de Sens in Paris was their official residence in that city. The Archdiocese of Sens ruled over the dioceses of Chartres, Auxerre, Meaux, Paris, Orléans, Nevers and Troyes, summarized by the acronym CAMPONT.

Starting from 1135, the cathedral of Sens, dedicated to Saint Stephen, was rebuilt as one of the first Gothic cathedrals. There, in 1234, Louis IX of France celebrated his wedding to Marguerite of Provence. Sens witnessed the trial of Peter Abelard. Pope Alexander III sojourned for some time in the city, and Thomas Becket spent part of his exile between 1162 and 1165. The Archdiocese of Sens hosted a number of church councils and the first Archbishop of Uppsala was consecrated there. William of Sens was the principal architect of Canterbury Cathedral.

Sens experienced troublesome times during the Wars of Religion. In 1562, 100 of the town's Huguenot population were killed in the Massacre of Sens.[10]

The Hôtel de Ville was completed in 1904.[11]

Population

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File:Cathédrale Saint-Ètienne, Sens-6998.jpg
Sens Cathedral

Main sights

Notable people

File:AT 13763 Roof figure Wilhelm von Sens at the Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna-64.jpg
Figure of William of Sens in Vienna
File:Portrait Augusta Hure.jpg
Portrait of Augusta Hure

Sport

File:Bacary Sagna 2012.jpg
Bacary Sagna, 2012

Twin towns

Climate

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See also

References

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  1. ^ Paul-Antoine de Carville sera le prochain maire de Sens, France Bleu, 3 October 2022.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in français). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 6 June 2023.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Villes et Villages Fleuris". Archived from the original on 2008-12-27. Retrieved 2024-12-19.
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  6. ^ The manuscripts of the Gallic War also give varied readings of Agendicum and Agetincum (William Smith, ed. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography); the gilded statue of "Brennus" ("leader") surmounts the hôtel de ville.
  7. ^ Bulletin N°XIV, 1848 de la Société Archéologique de Sens
  8. ^ Its Cardo (rue de la République) and Decumanus Maximus (Grande Rue) still meet at near right angles.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Goyau, G. (1912). "Sens". Catholic Encyclopedia. New Advent. Retrieved November 14, 2021.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Carroll, Stuart (2012). "The Rights of Violence". Past & Present (Supplement 7): 142.
  11. ^ Base Mérimée: PA00113862, Ministère français de la Culture. Template:In lang
  12. ^ Template:Cassini-Ehess
  13. ^ Population municipale entre 1968 et 2023, INSEE
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  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Normales et records pour Sens (89)". Meteociel. Retrieved 21 November 2024.

Sources

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