Circaetinae
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Circaetinae is a subfamily of the family Accipitridae which contains a group of medium to large broad-winged birds of prey.[1][2] The group is sometimes treated as tribe Circaetini.[3][4] These birds mainly specialise in feeding on snakes and other reptiles, which is the reason most are referred to as "snake-eagles" or "serpent-eagles". The exceptions are the bateleur, a more generalised hunter, and the Philippine eagle, which preys on mammals and birds.
All but one of the subfamily are restricted to warmer parts of the Old World: Spilornis and Pithecophaga in south Asia, the others in Africa. The short-toed eagle Circaetus gallicus migrates between temperate Eurasia and Africa, as well as being resident in India.
They have hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs and powerful talons. They also have extremely keen eyesight to enable them to spot potential prey from a distance.
Taxonomy
The subfamily Circaetinae was introduced in 1851 by the English zoologist Edward Blyth with Circaetus as the type genus.[5][6]
The genus level cladogram of the Circaetinae shown below is based on a molecular phylogenetic study of the Accipitridae by Therese Catanach and collaborators that was published in 2024.[7] Script error: No such module "Clade".
The following taxonomy is based on the International Ornithological Congress.[8]
| Image | Genus | Living species |
|---|---|---|
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Spilornis G.R. Gray, 1840 |
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Pithecophaga Ogilvie-Grant, 1896 |
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Circaetus Vieillot, 1816 |
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Terathopius Lesson, 1830 |
|
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Eutriorchis Sharpe, 1875[note 1] |
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Notes
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- ^ Eutriorchis is genetically related to Gypaetus, and so might be classified with the Gypaetinae rather than Circaetinae. Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lerner, Heather R. L.; Mindell, David P. (9 May 2006). "Accipitridae". The Tree of Life Web Project.
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lerner, Heather R.L.; Mindell, David P. (2005). "Phylogeny of eagles, Old World vultures, and other Accipitridae based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (2): 327–346. Bibcode:2005MolPE..37..327L. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.04.010. PMID 15925523.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mindell, David P.; Fuchs, Jérôme; Johnson, Jeff A. (2018). "Phylogeny, taxonomy, and geographic diversity of diurnal raptors: Falconiformes, Accipitriformes, and Cathartiformes". Birds of Prey. pp. 3–32. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73745-4_1. ISBN 978-3-319-73744-7.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Edward C., Dickinson; Remsen Jr., James V., eds. (2013). The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 1: Non-passerines (4th ed.). Aves Press.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ACCIPITRIDAE - Kites, Hawks and Eagles". Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Blyth, Edward (1851). "Conspectus of the ornithology of India, Burma, and the Malayan Peninsular, inclusiveof Sindh, Asám, Ceylon, and the Nicobar Islands". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 19: 317–342 [317, 327].
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bock, Walter J. (1994). History and Nomenclature of Avian Family-Group Names. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Vol. 222. New York: American Museum of Natural History. p. 132. hdl:2246/830.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Catanach, T.A.; Halley, M.R.; Pirro, S. (2024). "Enigmas no longer: using ultraconserved elements to place several unusual hawk taxa and address the non-monophyly of the genus Accipiter (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae)" (PDF). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society blae028. doi:10.1093/biolinnean/blae028.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (February 2025). "Hoatzin, New World vultures, Secretarybird, raptors". IOC World Bird List Version 15.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 March 2025.
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