Shabaki language
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| Shabaki | |
|---|---|
| شهبهكى زمهابوان | |
| شەبەکی | |
| Native to | Iraq |
| Region | Mosul |
| Ethnicity | Shabaks |
Native speakers | 250,000 (2018)Template:Ethnologue27 does not exist |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sdb |
| Glottolog | shab1251 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Shabaki, is a Northwestern Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.[4][5][6] The Shabaki language is spoken by the Shabak people in the Mosul region of northern Iraq.[7][8] Although classified as a distinct Northwestern Iranian language, the language has been influenced by the Arabic, Turkish and Persian languages.[9][10]
Status
Shabaki is an endangered language.[5] The Shabak people fear the demise of the Shabaki language especially after the occupation of the ISIS terrorist groups to their home in Nineveh Plain, which led to the displacement of the majority of their population and the other groups residing in that area.[11]
Speakers
Despite widespread displacement, the Shabaki speakers remain concentrated in localized clusters, specifically within the villages of Ali Rach, Khazna, Talara, and Yangijain in the Nineveh Governorate.[2] The number of speakers of Shabaki was estimated in 1989 to be between 10,000 and 20,000.[12] Subsequently, the number of native speakers of the language is estimated to be approximately 250,000.[2][13]
Classification
Glottolog classifies the Shabak language as a Northwestern Iranian language belonging to the Shabaki-Bajelani subgroup of the Gorani group.[4] The language consists of two dialects; Chabak and Sarli. On the other hand, some sources classifies it as a subdialect of the Gorani language[14][15] alongside with Hewrami, Sarli, and Bajalani. The language exhibits significant grammatical affinities with other languages and dialects of the Gorani group such as Bajelani, Sarli, Hewrami, Kakai.[4][note 1]
Comparison
Pronouns
| Shabaki | Hewrami | Southern Kurdish | Sorani Kurdish | Kurmanji Kurdish | Zaza | Persian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| emin, em | emin, min | mi, min | min | ez, min | ez, min | mən | I, me, mine, my |
| etu | eto, to | tu, tû | to | tu, te | ti, to | to, tu | thou, thee, thine |
| ew, îna | ew | ew, ewe | ew | ew, wî, wê | a, o | û | s/he, his, hers, him, her |
| hima, alama, gişt | ma | îme | ême | em, me | ma | ma | we, our |
| işma | şima | îwe | êwe | hûn, we | şima | şuma | you, your |
| işan | ade | ewan, ewane | ewan | ewan, wan | înu, înan | anha | they, them, their |
Vocabulary
| Shabaki | Hewrami | Southern Kurdish | Sorani Kurdish | Kurmanji Kurdish | Zaza | Persian | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| çam | cem | çem, çew | çaw | çav | çim | çəşm, çişm | eye |
| ziwan | ziwan | ziwan | ziman | ziman | ziwan | zəban | tongue, language |
Notes
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Literature
- Dr. Sultan, Abbas Hassan Jassim (University of Kufa, Iraq)
- Shabaki - English Dictionary or here as PDF (2016)
- An Account of Light verb constructions in Shabaki (Vol. 5 2011, 2)
- An Account of Clitics in Shabaki with Reference to Wackernagel's Law (2014)
- Serial verb constructions in Shabaki
- Reciprocal Pronouns in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 1)
- Causatives in Shabaki (Vol. 4 2010, 2)
- An Account of Epistemic Modality in Shabaki
- The truth conditional content of evidentials in Shabaki
- Evidentials in Shabaki
- Shabaki alphabets or here as Slideshow
- E. K. Brown, R. E. Asher, J. M. Y. Simpson (Elsevier, 2006)
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2026). "Shabaki". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Shabak". Ethnologue. 2016. Archived from the original on 6 June 2019.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hulst, Harry van der; Goedemans, Rob; Zanten, Ellen van (2010). A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110196313.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2026). "Shabaki". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Shabak". Ethnologue (Free All). Ethnologue. 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."639 Identifier Documentation: Shabak [sdb]". SIL Global. 2026. Retrieved 15 May 2026.
- ^ Abd al-Jabbar, Falih. Ayatollahs, sufis and ideologues: state, religion, and social movements in Iraq. University of Virginia 2008.
- ^ Sykes, Mark. The Caliphs' last heritage: a short history of the Turkish Empire
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gunter, Michael M. (2018-02-20). Historical Dictionary of the Kurds. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538110508.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."International Mother Language Day in Karbala, Iraq - Telegram7". Telegram7. 2015-03-03. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
- ^ Ethnologue about Shabaki
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Shabak - Minority Rights Group". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 2018-10-27.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Löwer, Hans-Joachim (2015-02-16). Die Stunde der Kurden: Wie sie den Nahen Osten verändern (in Deutsch). Styriabooks. ISBN 9783990403549.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shoukat, Ahmad. "Al-Shabak Al-Kurd Al-Mansiyoun". Ministry of Culture Printing Press. Sulaymaniyah: 48.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Zaza-Gorani". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2018-10-22.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hindo, Walid A. (2016-09-08). From Baghdad on the Tigris to Baghdad on the Subway. Archway Publishing. ISBN 9781480834033.
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