Samanera
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A Script error: No such module "Lang". (Pali; Template:Langx) is a novice male monastic in Buddhism.[1] A novice female monastic is a Script error: No such module "Lang"., in Sanskrit Script error: No such module "Lang". or Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Etymology
The Script error: No such module "Lang". is a diminutive equivalent to the Sanskrit term Script error: No such module "Lang"., which indicates an ascetic practitioner. Therefore, Script error: No such module "Lang". might be said to mean "small or young renunciate (ascetic)". In some South and Southeast Asian Buddhist traditions, the term refers to someone who has taken the initial pabbajjā (Template:Langx) vows but not upasampadā (full ordination). The pratimokṣa rules do not apply to them, and they do not take part in the recital of the rules on uposatha days.
The Sanskrit word Script error: No such module "Lang". is the feminine form of Template:Langx.
History
The account provided in the literature of South Asian Buddhism (and adopted by other Buddhist traditions) is that when Gautama Buddha's son Rāhula was seven years old, he followed the Buddha, saying "Give me my inheritance." The Buddha called Sariputta and asked him to ordain Rāhula, who became the first sāmaṇera.Template:Quote
Overview
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In the Vinaya (monastic regulations), used by many South Asian Buddhist sects, a man under the age of 20 cannot be ordained as a bhikṣu (monk) but can be ordained as a Script error: No such module "Lang".. Script error: No such module "Lang". (and Script error: No such module "Lang". – the equivalent term for women) live according to the Ten Precepts and devote themselves to religious service during breaks from secular schooling, or in conjunction with it if they are devoted to formal ordination. In other cultures and Buddhist traditions (particularly in Northeast Asia, and in those in the West that derive from these lineages), monks take different sets of vows and follow different customary rules.
The Ten Precepts upheld by Script error: No such module "Lang". are:
- Refrain from killing or harming living things.
- Refrain from stealing.
- Refrain from unchastity (sensuality, sexuality, lust).
- Refrain from lying.
- Refrain from taking intoxicants.
- Refrain from taking food at inappropriate times (after noon).
- Refrain from singing, dancing, playing music, or attending entertainment programs (performances).
- Refrain from wearing perfume, cosmetics, and garland (decorative accessories).
- Refrain from sitting on high chairs and sleeping on luxurious, soft beds.
- Refrain from accepting money.
Ordination requirements differs between Script error: No such module "Lang". and Script error: No such module "Lang"..
Transition to full ordination
After a year or at the age of 20, a Script error: No such module "Lang". will be considered for the upasampada or higher ordination as a bhikṣu. Some monasteries will require people who want to ordain as a monk to be a novice for a set period of time, as a period of preparation and familiarization.
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Ordination of women
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The novice ordination of women, according to the traditional vinaya, is conferred by monks, and by nuns when possible. Novice nuns (Template:Langx, or Template:Langx and Script error: No such module "Lang".) honor their vows of the Ten Precepts as their code of behaviour.
After a year or at the age of 20, a novice nun can be ordained as a full Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Langx). The ordination rituals depend on the nun's specific tradition of Buddhism, while the number of their precepts increases substantially.
In Myanmar
In Myanmar (Burma), Script error: No such module "Lang". are known as shin thamane (ရှင်သာမဏေ) or thamane (သာမဏေ). In Burmese culture, young Buddhist boys traditionally ordain as Script error: No such module "Lang". for a period of time, as a rite of passage called shinbyu; this is considered one of the Twelve Auspicious Rites. In 2016, Myanmar had 252,962 Script error: No such module "Lang"..[2]
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See also
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References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sumedho, Ajahn (2014). Peace is a Simple Step (PDF). Amaravati Publications. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-78432-000-3.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Account of Wazo Monks and Nuns in 1377 (2016 year)". The State Samgha Maha Nayaka Committee. Retrieved 2020-05-19.
External links
- The Bhikkhunis' Code of Discipline (Bhikkhunī Pāṭimokkha') Translated from the Pali by Thanissaro Bhikkhu
- Buddhist Monastic Code II: Bhikkhunis
- the website of Bhante Sujato's Writings contains several (ancient and modern) texts on the role and ordination of women in Buddhism. Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- Bhikkhuni committee of the ASA includes a large resource of articles regarding Bhikkhunis
- "Female Monks In Buddhism", by Dhammacaro (07/23/2005).
- "Vinaya Pitaka", brief description includes "Order of ordination for men and women...."
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