Vaccinium oxycoccos

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Template:Short description

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Fruit on a bed of Sphagnum rubellum
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Scientific classification Edit this classification
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Binomial name
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L. 1753
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Synonyms[1][2]
Synonymy
  • Vaccinium oxycoccus Linnaeus
  • Oxycoca vulgaris Raf.
  • Oxycoccus oxycoccos (L.) MacMill.
  • Oxycoccus palustris Pers.
  • Oxycoccus quadripetalus Schinz & Thell.
  • Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib.
  • Oxycoccus vulgaris Hill
  • Schollera europaea Steud.
  • Schollera oxycoccos (L.) Roth
  • Schollera paludosa Baumg.
  • Schollera palustris Steud.

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Vaccinium oxycoccos is a species of cranberry in the heath family. It is known as small cranberry, marshberry, bog cranberry, swamp cranberry,[5] or (particularly in Britain) just cranberry.[6] It occurs broadly across cooler climates in the temperate Northern Hemisphere.

Description

This cranberry is a small, prostrate shrub with vine-like stems that root at the nodes. The evergreen leaves are leathery and lance-shaped, up to Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1.2 cm (1⁄2 in) long.[5][7] The stems are a few centimeters tall, upon which are one to a few nodding flowers with four-petals.[7] The corolla is white or pink and flexed backward away from the center of the flower. The fruit is a pink or red berry[7] which has spots when young. It measures up to Page Template:Fraction/styles.css has no content.1.2 cm (1⁄2 in) wide.[2][8] The plant forms mycorrhizal associations. It mainly reproduces vegetatively.[5] Its fruit persists for an average of 200 days, and bears an average of 7 seeds per fruit. Fruits average 86.4% water, and their dry weight includes 4.2% carbohydrates and 1.8% lipids.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

Distribution and habitat

Vaccinium oxycoccos is a widespread and common species occurring broadly across cooler climates in the temperate Northern Hemisphere,[5][4][9][10][11] including northern Europe, northern Asia and northern North America.[5]

It is an indicator of moist to wet soils which are low in nitrogen and have a high water table. It is an indicator of coniferous swamps. It grows in bogs and fens in moist forest habitat. It grows on peat which may be saturated most of the time. The soil in bogs is acidic and low in nutrients. The plant's mycorrhizae help it obtain nutrients in this situation. Fens have somewhat less acidic soil, which is also higher in nutrients. The plant can often be found growing on hummocks of Sphagnum mosses.

Ecology

In North America, other species found in this forest understory habitat include leatherleaf (Chamaedaphne calyculata), bog rosemary (Andromeda glaucophylla), bog laurel (Kalmia polifolia), pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea), Labrador tea (Rhododendron groenlandicum), cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), rhodora (Rhododendron canadense), glossy buckthorn (Rhamnus frangula), sundew (Drosera spp.), cottonsedge (Eriophorum virginatum and E. angustifolium), and species of sedge and lichen. The plant easily colonizes bog habitats that have recently been burned. It survives fire with its underground rhizomes.[2][5]

Uses

The berries are edible[12] and have been used both as a medicine and as a food by various Native American communities. Some Iñupiat cook the cranberry with fish eggs and blubber.[13][14]

References

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  1. ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
  2. ^ a b c Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  3. ^ Template:Cite iucn
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vaccinium oxycoccos". NatureServe.
  5. ^ a b c d e f Template:FEIS
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stace, Clive (2010). New Flora of the British Isles (3rd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 512. ISBN 978-0-521-70772-5.
  7. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Turner, Mark; Kuhlmann, Ellen (2014). Trees & Shrubs of the Pacific Northwest (1st ed.). Portland, OR: Timber Press. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-60469-263-1.
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  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vaccinium oxycoccos L." Tela Botanica (in français). Photos, description, French distribution map.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Vaccinium oxycoccos L." Schede di botanica (in italiano). Photos and European distribution map.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Benoliel, Doug (2011). Northwest Foraging: The Classic Guide to Edible Plants of the Pacific Northwest (Rev. and updated ed.). Seattle, WA: Skipstone. pp. 47–48. ISBN 978-1-59485-366-1. OCLC 668195076.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jones, Anore (1983). "Nauriat niginaqtuat (Plants that we eat)". Maniilaq Association Traditional Nutrition Program. Kotzebue, Alaska: 104. According to the brief annotation in Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found..
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Anonymous (2003). "Vaccinium oxycoccos L." Native American Ethnobotany. Dearborn, MI: University of Michigan-Dearborn. Retrieved 24 May 2023.

Bibliography

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