Saxicola

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Stonechat)

Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Automated taxobox".

File:Pied bushchat (Saxicola caprata bicolor) female.jpg
Female pied bushchat (Saxicola caprata bicolor), India

Saxicola (Latin: saxum, rock + incola, dwelling in[1]), the stonechats or chats, is a genus of small passerine birds restricted to the Old World. They are insectivores occurring in open scrubland and grassland with scattered small shrubs. The genus contains 18 species, of which four are prehistoric.

Taxonomy

The genus was introduced by the German naturalist Johann Matthäus Bechstein in 1802.[2] The type species was subsequently designated as the European stonechat.[3] The name Saxicola is from Latin saxum, saxi "stone" and -cola "dweller".[4]

The genus was formerly included in the thrush family Turdidae, but as with several other related genera, has now been shown to be correctly classified in the Old World flycatcher family Muscicapidae, in which it is most closely related to the genera Oenanthe (wheatears) and Campicoloides.[5][6]

Genetic and behavioural evidence has also resulted in several new species being accepted in the genus in recent years, most notably the splitting of the former broad "species" common stonechat Saxicola torquatus into five species, a change now widely though not yet universally accepted. With addition of mtDNA cytochrome b sequence and nDNA fingerprinting data, it was confirmed that not only the Fuerteventura and Réunion stonechats are distinct species, but that in addition, the African, Madagascar, European, Siberian and Amur stonechats are also all separate species.[7][8][9][10] Due to confusion of subspecies allocation, the name S. torquatus was briefly used for the European species, with the African stonechat being incorrectly listed as S. axillaris.[8]

Owing to misunderstandings of Latin syntax, several species have in the past been widely but incorrectly cited with feminine name endings ("S. torquata, S. maura, S. leucura, S. ferrea", etc.).[11]

Species

The following 13 species are currently accepted in Saxicola:[12]

Image Common name Scientific name Distribution
File:Jerdon's Bush Chat, Inle Lake, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (33940816073).jpg Jerdon's bush chat Saxicola jerdoni Eastern Himalaya and Myanmar
File:Grey-Bushchat.jpg Grey bush chat Saxicola ferreus Himalayas, southern China and Indochina
File:Saxicola rubetra am.jpg Whinchat Saxicola rubetra western Palearctic; winters to sub-Saharan Africa
File:Stolickza's Bushchat at Kutch Photo Dhaval Vargiya (2).jpg White-browed bush chat Saxicola macrorhynchus northwestern India
File:White-bellied Bush Chat (Saxicola gutturalis) (8074117562).jpg White-bellied bush chat Saxicola gutturalis Timor
File:Pied bush chat (Saxicola caprata)male from nilgiris DSC 1123.jpg Pied bush chat Saxicola caprata south-central Asia and Indomalaya
File:Adult at Jim Corbett National Park, India.jpg White-throated bush chat Saxicola insignis mountains of western Mongolia;
winters in the Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands
File:White-tailed Stonechat (Saxicola leucurus) (32895496601).jpg White-tailed stonechat Saxicola leucurus Indus valley, Himalayan foothills, northeast South Asia and Myanmar
File:Saxicola torquatus, male, Johannesburg 3.jpg African stonechat Saxicola torquatus Afrotropics
File:Saxicola tectes mâle, RVB, 2.jpg Réunion stonechat Saxicola tectes Réunion
File:Siberian stonechat (Saxicola maurus) male non-breeding.jpg Siberian stonechat Saxicola maurus Siberia and eastern Alpide belt; winters to southern Asia
File:Malestonechatseaham.JPG European stonechat Saxicola rubicola Europe and North Africa; winters to Middle East
File:Saxicola dacotiae 183123563.jpg Canary Islands stonechat Saxicola dacotiae Fuerteventura

Formerly included in the genus Saxicola, but now treated in a separate genus:

Fossil record

  • Saxicola lambrechti (Late Miocene of Polgardi, Hungary) [14]
  • Saxicola baranensis (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)[14]
  • Saxicola parva (Pliocene of Csarnota, Hungary)[14]
  • Saxicola magna (Pliocene of Beremend, Hungary)[14]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London, United Kingdom: Christopher Helm. p. 349. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4..
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bechstein, Johann Matthäus (1802). Ornithologisches Taschenbuch von und für Deutschland, oder, Kurze Beschreibung aller Vögel Deutschlands für Liebhaber dieses Theils der Naturgeschichte (in Deutsch). Leipzig: Carl Friedrich Enoch Richter. p. 216.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dickinson, E.C.; Christidis, L., eds. (2014). The Howard & Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Vol. 2: Passerines (4th ed.). Eastbourne, UK: Aves Press. p. 608. ISBN 978-0-9568611-2-2.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jobling, J.A. (2018). del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J.; Christie, D.A.; de Juana, E. (eds.). "Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology". Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.del Hoyo, J; et al., eds. (2005). Handbook of the Birds of the World, vol. 10. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 786. ISBN 84-87334-72-5.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sangster, G.; Alström, P.; Forsmark, E.; Olsson, U. (2010). "Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of Old World chats and flycatchers reveals extensive paraphyly at family, subfamily and genus level (Aves: Muscicapidae)" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 57 (1): 380–392. Bibcode:2010MolPE..57..380S. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.07.008. PMID 20656044. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2010-10-22.
  7. ^ Urquhart, E., & Bowley, A. (2002). Stonechats. A Guide to the Genus Saxicola. Christopher Helm, London. Template:ISBN.
  8. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wink, M.; Sauer-Gürth, H.; Gwinner, E. (2002). "Evolutionary relationships of stonechats and related species inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequences and genomic fingerprinting" (PDF). British Birds. 95: 349–355. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-06-11. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Woog, F.; Wink, M.; Rastegar-Pouyani, E.; Gonzalez, J.; Helm, B. (2008). "Distinct taxonomic position of the Madagascar stonechat (Saxicola torquatus sibilla) revealed by nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA". Journal of Ornithology. 149 (3): 423–430. Bibcode:2008JOrni.149..423W. doi:10.1007/s10336-008-0290-1.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zink, R.M.; Pavlova, A.; Drovetski, S. V.; Wink, M.; Rohwer, S. (2009). "Taxonomic status and evolutionary history of the Saxicola torquata complex". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 52 (3): 769–773. Bibcode:2009MolPE..52..769Z. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.016. PMID 19464380.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.David, N.; Gosselin, M. (2002). "The grammatical gender of avian genera". Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club. 122: 257–282.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.AviList Core Team (2025). "AviList: The Global Avian Checklist, v2025". doi:10.2173/avilist.v2025. Retrieved 8 December 2025.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Malurus splendens (Splendid Fairywren) - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-11-26.
  14. ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kessler, E. (2013). "Neogene songbirds (Aves, Passeriformes) from Hungary". Hantkeniana. 8: 37–149.

Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.

Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Script error: No such module "Sister project logo".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to [[commons:Template:If then show|Template:If then show]].

Template:Passerida Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 404: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal'). Script error: No such module "Taxonbar". Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Authority control/config' not found.

Retrieved from "https://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Saxicola&oldid=525817"