Standard electrode potential (data page)

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The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E°), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at:

Temperature Template:Cvt;
Effective concentration (activity) 1 mol/L for each aqueous or amalgamated (mercury-alloyed) species;
Unit activity for each solvent and pure solid or liquid species; and
Absolute partial pressure Template:Cvt for each gaseous reagent — the convention in most literature data but not the current standard state (100 kPa).

Variations from these ideal conditions affect measured voltage via the Nernst equation.

Electrode potentials of successive elementary half-reactions cannot be directly added. However, the corresponding Gibbs free energy changes (∆G°) can be added. Those free energy changes satisfy

∆G° = –

z

FE°,

where $z$ electrons are transferred, and the Faraday constant $F$ is the conversion factor describing Coulombs transferred per mole electrons. For example, from

Fe²⁺ + 2 e⁻ ⇌ Fe(s) (−0.44 V),

the energy to form one neutral atom of Fe(s) from one Fe²⁺ ion and two electrons is 2 × 0.44 eV = 0.88 eV, or 84 907 J/(mol e⁻). That value is also the standard formation energy (∆G_f°) for an Fe²⁺ ion, since e⁻ and Fe(s) both have zero formation energy.

Data from different sources may cause table inconsistencies. For example: $\begin{matrix} C u^{+} + e^{-} & ⇌ & C u (s) & E_{1} = + 0.520 V \\ C u^{2 +} + 2 e^{-} & ⇌ & C u (s) & E_{2} = + 0.337 V \\ C u^{2 +} + e^{-} & ⇌ & C u^{+} & E_{3} = + 0.159 V \end{matrix}$ From additivity of Gibbs energies and canceling common factors, one must have $2 \cdot E_{2} = 1 \cdot E_{1} + 1 \cdot E_{3}$ But that equation does not hold exactly with the cited values.

Table of standard electrode potentials

Legend: (s) – solid; (l) – liquid; (g) – gas; (aq) – aqueous (default for all charged species); (Hg) – amalgam; bold – water electrolysis equations. Template:Table alignment

Element	Half-reaction			E° (volt)	Electrons transferred	Reference
Element	Oxidant	⇌	Reductant	E° (volt)	Electrons transferred	Reference
Sr	Sr⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Sr(s)	−4.101	1	^[1]
Ca	Ca⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ca(s)	−3.8	1	^[1]
Th	Th⁴⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Th³⁺	−3.6	1	^[2]
Pr	Pr³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Pr²⁺	−3.1	1	Estimated^[3]
N	3N ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2HN ₃(aq)	−3.09	2	^[4]^[5]
Li	Li⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Li(s)	−3.0401	1	^[5]^[6]Template:Rp
N	N ₂(g) + 4Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	2NH ₂OH(aq) + 2 OH⁻	−3.04	2	^[4]
Cs	Cs⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Cs(s)	−3.026	1	^[5]
Ca	Ca(OH) ₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ca(s) + 2 OH⁻	−3.02	2	^[1]
Er	Er³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Er²⁺	−3	1	^[1]
Ba	Ba(OH) ₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ba(s) + 2 OH⁻	−2.99	2	^[1]
Rb	Rb⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Rb(s)	−2.98	1	^[5]
K	K⁺ + e⁻	⇌	K(s)	−2.931	1	^[5]
Ba	Ba²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ba(s)	−2.912	2	^[5]
La	La(OH) ₃(s) + 3 e⁻	⇌	La(s) + 3 OH⁻	−2.9	3	^[5]
Fr	Fr⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Fr(s)	−2.9	1	^[1]
Sr	Sr²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sr(s)	−2.899	2	^[5]
Sr	Sr(OH) ₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sr(s) + 2 OH⁻	−2.88	2	^[1]
Ca	Ca²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ca(s)	−2.868	2	^[5]^[6]Template:Rp
Li	Li⁺ + C ₆(s) + e⁻	⇌	LiC ₆(s)	−2.84	1	^[5]
Eu	Eu²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Eu(s)	−2.812	2	^[5]
Ra	Ra²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ra(s)	−2.8	2	^[5]
Ho	Ho³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ho²⁺	−2.8	1	^[1]
Bk	Bk³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Bk²⁺	−2.8	1	^[1]
Yb	Yb²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Yb(s)	−2.76	2	^[1]
Na	Na⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Na(s)	−2.71	1	^[5]^[7]
Mg	Mg⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Mg(s)	−2.7	1	^[1]
Nd	Nd³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Nd²⁺	−2.7	1	^[1]
Mg	Mg(OH) ₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Mg(s) + 2 OH⁻	−2.69	2	^[1]
Sm	Sm²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sm(s)	−2.68	2	^[1]
Be	Be ₂O²⁻ ₃ + 3Template:H2O-nl + 4 e⁻	⇌	2Be(s) + 6 OH⁻	−2.63	4	^[1]
Pm	Pm³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Pm²⁺	−2.6	1	^[1]
Dy	Dy³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Dy²⁺	−2.6	1	^[1]
No	No²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	No	−2.5	2	^[1]
Hf	HfO(OH) ₂ + Template:H2O-nl + 4 e⁻	⇌	Hf(s) + 4 OH⁻	−2.5	4	^[1]
Th	Th(OH) ₄ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Th(s) + 4 OH⁻	−2.48	4	^[1]
Md	Md²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Md	−2.4	2	^[1]
Tm	Tm²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Tm(s)	−2.4	2	^[1]
La	La³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	La(s)	−2.379	3	^[5]
Y	Y³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Y(s)	−2.372	3	^[5]
Mg	Mg²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Mg(s)	−2.372	2	^[5]
Sc	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.ScF₃(aq) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sc(s) + 3HF(aq)	−2.37	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Zr	ZrO(OH) ₂(s) + Template:H2O-nl + 4 e⁻	⇌	Zr(s) + 4 OH⁻	−2.36	4	^[5]
Pr	Pr³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Pr(s)	−2.353	3	^[1]
Ce	Ce³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ce(s)	−2.336	3	^[1]
Er	Er³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Er(s)	−2.331	3	^[1]
Ho	Ho³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ho(s)	−2.33	3	^[1]
Al	H ₂AlO⁻ ₃ + Template:H2O-nl + 3 e⁻	⇌	Al(s) + 4 OH⁻	−2.33	3	^[1]
Nd	Nd³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Nd(s)	−2.323	3	^[1]
Tm	Tm³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Tm(s)	−2.319	3	^[1]
Al	Al(OH) ₃(s) + 3 e⁻	⇌	Al(s) + 3 OH⁻	−2.31	3	^[8]
Sm	Sm³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sm(s)	−2.304	3	^[1]
Fm	Fm²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Fm	−2.3	2	^[1]
Am	Am³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Am²⁺	−2.3	1	^[1]
Dy	Dy³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Dy(s)	−2.295	3	^[1]
Lu	Lu³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Lu(s)	−2.28	3	^[1]
Sc	ScF⁺ ₂ + 2 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sc(s) + 2HF(l)	−2.28	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Tb	Tb³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Tb(s)	−2.28	3	^[1]
Gd	Gd³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Gd(s)	−2.279	3	^[1]
H	H ₂(g) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2H⁻	−2.23	2	^[1]
Es	Es²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Es(s)	−2.23	2	^[1]
Pm	Pm²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pm(s)	−2.2	2	^[1]
Tm	Tm³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Tm²⁺	−2.2	1	^[1]
Dy	Dy²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Dy(s)	−2.2	2	^[1]
Ac	Ac³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ac(s)	−2.2	3	^[1]
Yb	Yb³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Yb(s)	−2.19	3	^[1]
Cf	Cf²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Cf(s)	−2.12	2	^[1]
Nd	Nd²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Nd(s)	−2.1	2	^[1]
Ho	Ho²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ho(s)	−2.1	2	^[1]
Sc	Sc³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sc(s)	−2.077	3	^[9]
Al	AlF³⁻ ₆ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Al(s) + 6F⁻	−2.069	3	^[1]
Cm	Cm³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Cm(s)	−2.04	3	^[1]
Pu	Pu³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Pu(s)	−2.031	3	^[1]
Pr	Pr²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pr(s)	−2	2	^[1]
Er	Er²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Er(s)	−2	2	^[1]
Eu	Eu³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Eu(s)	−1.991	3	^[1]
Lr	Lr³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Lr	−1.96	3	^[1]
Cf	Cf³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Cf(s)	−1.94	3	^[1]
Es	Es³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Es(s)	−1.91	3	^[1]
Pa	Pa⁴⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Pa³⁺	−1.9	1	^[1]
Am	Am²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Am(s)	−1.9	2	^[1]
Th	Th⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Th(s)	−1.899	4	^[1]
Fm	Fm³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Fm	−1.89	3	^[1]
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl(l) + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.NH₃OH⁺	−1.87	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Np	Np³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Np(s)	−1.856	3	^[1]
Be	Be²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Be(s)	−1.847	2	^[1]
P	H ₂PO⁻ ₂ + e⁻	⇌	P(s) + 2 OH⁻	−1.82	1	^[1]
U	U³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	U(s)	−1.798	3	^[1]
Sr	Sr²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sr(Hg)	−1.793	2	^[1]
B	H ₂BO⁻ ₃ + Template:H2O-nl + 3 e⁻	⇌	B(s) + 4 OH⁻	−1.79	3	^[1]
Th	ThO ₂ + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Th(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	−1.789	4	^[1]
Hf	HfO²⁺ + 2 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Hf(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−1.724	4	^[1]
P	HPO²⁻ ₃ + 2Template:H2O-nl + 3 e⁻	⇌	P(s) + 5 OH⁻	−1.71	3	^[1]
Si	SiO²⁻ ₃ + 3Template:H2O-nl + 4 e⁻	⇌	Si(s) + 6 OH⁻	−1.697	4	^[1]
Al	Al³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Al(s)	−1.662	3	^[1]
Ti	Ti²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ti(s)	−1.63	2	^[7]
Zr	ZrO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Zr(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	−1.553	4	^[10]
Zr	Zr⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Zr(s)	−1.45	4	^[10]
Ti	Ti³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ti(s)	−1.37	3	^[11]
Ti	TiO(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ti(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−1.31	2	^[6]Template:Rp
B	B(OH)⁻ ₄ + 4Template:H2O-nl(l) + 8 e⁻	⇌	BH⁻ ₄ + 8 OH⁻	−1.24	8	^[6]Template:Rp
Ti	Ti ₂O ₃(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2TiO(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−1.23	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ga	GaO(OH)⁻ ₂ + Template:H2O-nl(l) + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ga(s) + 3 OH⁻	−1.22	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Zn	Zn(OH)²⁻ ₄ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Zn(s) + 4 OH⁻	−1.199	2	^[10]
Mn	Mn²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Mn(s)	−1.185	2	^[10]
Fe	Fe(CN)⁴⁻ ₆ + 6 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Fe(s) + 6HCN(aq)	−1.16	2	^[12]
C	C(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl(l) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.CH₃OH(l) + 2 OH⁻	−1.148	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cr	Cr(CN)³⁻ ₆ + e⁻	⇌	Cr(CN)⁴⁻ ₆	−1.143	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Te	Te(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Te²⁻	−1.143	2	^[13]
V	V²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	V(s)	−1.13	2	^[13]
Nb	Nb³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Nb(s)	−1.099	3	^[8]
Sn	Sn(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	SnH ₄(g)	−1.07	4
Po	Po(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Po²⁻	−1.021	2	^[14]
Cr	[Cr(edta)(H₂O)]⁻ + e⁻	⇌	[Cr(edta)(H₂O)]²⁻	−0.99	1	^[6]Template:Rp
P	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H₃PO₄(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.(H₂PO₃)₂(aq) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.933	2	^[6]Template:Rp
C	CO²⁻ ₃ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	HCO⁻ ₂ + Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.93	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ti	TiO²⁺ + 2 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Ti(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.93	4
Si	SiO ₂(quartz) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Si(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	−0.909	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Cr	Cr²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Cr(s)	−0.9	2	^[6]Template:Rp
B	B(OH) ₃(aq) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	B(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl	−0.89	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Fe	Fe(OH) ₂(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Fe(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.89	2	^[12]
Fe	Fe ₂O ₃(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Fe(OH) ₂(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.86	2	^[12]
H	2Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂(g) + 2 OH⁻	−0.8277	2	^[10]
Bi	Bi(s) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	BiH ₃	−0.8	3	^[10]
Zn	Zn²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Zn(Hg)	−0.7628	2	^[10]
Zn	Zn²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Zn(s)	−0.7618	2	^[10]
Ta	Ta ₂O ₅(s) + 10 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	2Ta(s) + 5Template:H2O-nl	−0.75	10
Cr	Cr³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Cr(s)	−0.74	3	^[7]
Te	2Te(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Te²⁻ ₂	−0.74	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ni	Ni(OH) ₂(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ni(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.72	2	^[1]
Nb	Nb ₂O ₅(s) + 10 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	2Nb(s) + 5Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.7	10	^[6]Template:Rp
Ag	Ag ₂S(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Ag(s) + S²⁻ (aq)	−0.69	2
Te	Te²⁻ ₂ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H₂Te(g)	−0.64	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Sb	Sb(OH)⁻ ₄ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sb(s) + 4 OH⁻	−0.639	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Au	[Au(CN) ₂]⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 2CN⁻	−0.6	1
Ta	Ta³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ta(s)	−0.6	3	^[8]
Pb	PbO(s) + Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.580	2	^[8]
Ti	2TiO ₂(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ti ₂O ₃(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.56	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ga	Ga³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Ga(s)	−0.549	3	^[8]
U	U⁴⁺ + e⁻	⇌	U³⁺	−0.52	1	^[15]
P	H ₃PO ₂(aq) + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	P(white)^{[note 1]} + 2Template:H2O-nl	−0.508	1	^[10]
P	H ₃PO ₃(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₃PO ₂(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.499	2	^[10]
Ni	NiO ₂(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ni(OH) ₂(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.49	2	^[1]
Sb	Sb(OH)⁻ ₆ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sb(OH)⁻ ₄ + 2 OH⁻	−0.465	2	^[6]Template:Rp
P	H ₃PO ₃(aq) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	P(red)^{[note 1]} + 3Template:H2O-nl	−0.454	3	^[10]
Bi	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Bi₂O₃(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl(l) + 6 e⁻	⇌	Bi(s) + 6 OH⁻	−0.452	6	^[6]Template:Rp
Ta	TaF²⁻ ₇ + 7 H⁺ + 5 e⁻	⇌	Ta(s) + 7HF(l)	−0.45	5	^[6]Template:Rp
In	In³⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.In⁺	−0.444	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cu	Cu(CN)⁻ ₂ + e⁻	⇌	Cu(s) + 2CN⁻	−0.44	1	^[13]
Fe	Fe²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Fe(s)	−0.44	2	^[7]
C	2CO ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	HOOCCOOH(aq)	−0.43	2
Cr	Cr³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Cr²⁺	−0.407	1	^[8]
Cd	Cd²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Cd(s)	−0.4	2	^[8]
Ti	Ti³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ti²⁺	−0.37	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Cu	Cu ₂O(s) + Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Cu(s) + 2 OH⁻	−0.36	2	^[10]
Pb	PbSO ₄(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb(s) + SO²⁻ ₄	−0.3588	2	^[10]
Pb	PbSO ₄(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb(Hg) + SO²⁻ ₄	−0.3505	2	^[10]
Eu	Eu³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Eu²⁺	−0.35	1	^[15]
In	In³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	In(s)	−0.34	3	^[13]
Tl	Tl⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Tl(s)	−0.34	1	^[13]
Ge	Ge(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	GeH ₄(g)	−0.29	4
Co	Co²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Co(s)	−0.28	2	^[10]
P	H ₃PO ₄(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₃PO ₃(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.276	2	^[10]
N	N₂(g) + 8 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	2NH⁺ ₄	−0.27	6	^[16]
V	V³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	V²⁺	−0.26	1	^[7]
Ni	Ni²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ni(s)	−0.257	2	^[8]
S	2HSO⁻ ₄ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	S₂O²⁻ ₆ + 2Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.253	2	^[6]Template:Rp
As	As(s) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	AsH ₃(g)	−0.23	3	^[13]
N	N₂(g) + 5 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	N₂H⁺ ₅	−0.23	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Ga	Ga⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ga(s)	−0.2	1	^[8]
Ag	AgI(s) + e⁻	⇌	Ag(s) + I⁻	−0.15224	1	^[10]
Ge	GeO₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Ge(s) + 2H₂O(l)	−0.15	4	^[16]
Mo	MoO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Mo(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	−0.15	4
Si	Si(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	SiH ₄(g)	−0.14	4
Sn	Sn²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sn(s)	−0.13	2
O	O ₂(g) + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	HO^• ₂(aq)	−0.13	1
In	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.In⁺ + e⁻	⇌	In(s)	−0.126	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Pb	Pb²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb(s)	−0.126	2	^[7]
W	WO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	W(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	−0.12	4
Ge	GeO ₂(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	GeO(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.118	2	^[8]
P	P(red) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	PH ₃(g)	−0.111	3	^[10]
C	CO ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	HCOOH(aq)	−0.11	2
Se	Se(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂Se(g)	−0.11	2	^[6]Template:Rp
C	CO ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	CO(g) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.11	2
Sn	α-SnO(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sn(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.104	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cu	Cu(NH ₃)⁺ ₂ + e⁻	⇌	Cu(s) + 2NH ₃(aq)	−0.1	1	^[13]
Nb	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Nb₂O₅(s) + 10 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	2Nb³⁺ + 5Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.1	4	^[6]Template:Rp
W	WO ₃(aq) + 6 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	W(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl	−0.09	6	^[13]
Sn	SnO ₂(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	α-SnO(s) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.088	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Fe	Fe ₃O ₄(s) + 8 H⁺ + 8 e⁻	⇌	3Fe(s) + 4Template:H2O-nl	−0.085	8	^[17]
V	VOH²⁺ + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	V²⁺ + Template:H2O-nl(l)	−0.082	1	^[6]Template:Rp
P	P(white) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	PH ₃(g)	−0.063	3	^[10]
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂O(g) + Template:H2O-nl(l) + 6 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.NH₃OH⁺	−0.05	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Fe	Fe³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Fe(s)	−0.04	3	^[12]
C	HCOOH(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	HCHO(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	−0.034	2	^[6]Template:Rp
H	2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂(g)	0	2
Ag	AgBr(s) + e⁻	⇌	Ag(s) + Br⁻	0.07133	1	^[10]
S	S ₄O²⁻ ₆ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2S ₂O²⁻ ₃	0.08	2
N	N ₂(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl + 6 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	2NH ₄OH(aq)	0.092	6
Hg	HgO(s) + Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	Hg(l) + 2 OH⁻	0.0977	2
Cu	Cu(NH ₃)²⁺ ₄ + e⁻	⇌	Cu(NH ₃)⁺ ₂ + 2NH ₃(aq)	0.1	1	^[13]
Ru	Ru(NH ₃)³⁺ ₆ + e⁻	⇌	Ru(NH ₃)²⁺ ₆	0.1	1	^[15]
N	N ₂H ₄(aq) + 4Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	2NH⁺ ₄ + 4 OH⁻	0.11	2	^[4]
Mo	H ₂MoO ₄(aq) + 6 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	Mo(s) + 4Template:H2O-nl	0.11	6
Ge	Ge⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Ge(s)	0.12	4
C	C(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	CH ₄(g)	0.13	4	^[13]
C	HCHO(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	CH ₃OH(aq)	0.13	2
S	S(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂S(g)	0.144	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Sb	Sb₂O₃(s) + 6 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	2Sb(s) + 3H₂O	0.15	6	^[6]Template:Rp
Sn	Sn⁴⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Sn²⁺	0.151	2	^[8]
S	HSO⁻ ₄ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	SO ₂(aq) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.158	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cu	Cu²⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Cu⁺	0.159	1	^[13]
U	UO²⁺ ₂ + e⁻	⇌	UO⁺ ₂	0.163	1	^[15]
S	SO²⁻ ₄ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	SO ₂(aq) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.17	2
Ti	TiO²⁺ + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ti³⁺ + Template:H2O-nl	0.19	1
Sb	SbO⁺ + 2 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Sb(s) + Template:H2O-nl	0.2	3
Fe	3Fe ₂O ₃(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Fe ₃O ₄(s) + Template:H2O-nl	0.22	2	^[18]Template:Rp
Ag	AgCl(s) + e⁻	⇌	Ag(s) + Cl⁻	0.22233	1	^[10]
As	H ₃AsO ₃(aq) + 3 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	As(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl	0.24	3	^[6]Template:Rp
Ru	Ru³⁺ (aq) + e⁻	⇌	Ru²⁺ (aq)	0.249	1	^[19]
Pb	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.PbO₂(s) + Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	α-Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.PbO(s) + 2 OH⁻	0.254	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ge	GeO(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ge(s) + Template:H2O-nl	0.26	2
Hg	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Hg₂Cl₂(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Hg(l) + 2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Cl⁻	0.27	2	^[16]
U	UO⁺ ₂ + 4 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	U⁴⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.273	1	^[15]
At	At + e⁻	⇌	At⁻	0.3	1	^[20]
Bi	Bi³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Bi(s)	0.308	3	^[10]
C	2HCNO + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	(CN)₂ + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.330	2	^[8]
Cu	Cu²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Cu(s)	0.337	2	^[13]
V	VO²⁺ + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	V³⁺ + Template:H2O-nl	0.337	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Sb	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₄(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₃(s) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.342	2	^[6]Template:Rp
At	At⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	At⁻	0.36	2	^[21]
Fe	[Fe(CN) ₆]³⁻ + e⁻	⇌	[Fe(CN) ₆]⁴⁻	0.3704	1	^[22]
C	(CN)₂ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2HCN	0.373	2	^[8]
P	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.(H₂PO₃)₂(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H₃PO₃	0.38	2	^[6]Template:Rp
S	2SO₂(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	S₂O²⁻ ₃ + H₂O(l)	0.4	2	^[6]Template:Rp
O	O ₂(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl + 4 e⁻	⇌	4 OH⁻(aq)	0.401	4	^[7]
Mo	H ₂MoO ₄ + 6 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Mo³⁺ + 4Template:H2O-nl	0.43	3
Ru	Ru²⁺ (aq) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ru	0.455	2	^[19]
V	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.VO(OH)⁺ + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	VOH²⁺ + Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.481	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Re	Re³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Re(s)	0.5	3	^[3]
C	CH ₃OH(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	CH ₄(g) + Template:H2O-nl	0.5	2
S	SO ₂(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	S(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.5	4	^[6]Template:Rp
S	4SO ₂(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	S₄O²⁻ ₆ + 2Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.51	6	^[16]
Cu	Cu⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Cu(s)	0.52	1	^[13]
C	CO(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	C(s) + Template:H2O-nl	0.52	2	^[6]Template:Rp
I	I⁻ ₃ + 2 e⁻	⇌	3I⁻	0.53	2	^[7]
Te	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.TeO₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Te(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.53	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Cu	Cu²⁺ + Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Cl⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.CuCl(s)	0.54	1	^[16]
I	I ₂(s) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2I⁻	0.54	2	^[7]
Au	[AuI ₄]⁻ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 4I⁻	0.56	3
As	H ₃AsO ₄(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₃AsO ₃(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	0.56	2	^[6]Template:Rp
S	S₂O²⁻ ₆ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H₂SO₃	0.569	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Au	[AuI ₂]⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 2I⁻	0.58	1
Mn	MnO⁻ ₄ + 2Template:H2O-nl + 3 e⁻	⇌	MnO ₂(s) + 4 OH⁻	0.595	3	^[1]
S	S ₂O²⁻ ₃ + 6 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	2S(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl	0.6	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Fe	Fc⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Fc(s)	0.63	1	Substantial literature variation^[23]
Mo	H ₂MoO ₄(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	MoO ₂(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.65	2
N	HN₃(aq) + 11 H⁺ + 8 e⁻	⇌	3NH⁺ ₄	0.69	8	^[16]
O	O ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂O ₂(aq)	0.695	2	^[8]
Sb	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₅(s) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₃(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.699	4	^[6]Template:Rp
C	File:1,4-Benzochinon.svg + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	File:Hydrochinon2.svg	0.6992	2	^[10]
V	H₂V₁₀O⁴⁻ ₂₈ + 24 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	10Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.VO(OH)⁺ + 8Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.723	10	^[6]Template:Rp
Pt	PtCl²⁻ ₆ + 2 e⁻	⇌	PtCl²⁻ ₄ + 2Cl⁻	0.726	2	^[15]
Fe	Fe ₂O ₃(s) + 6 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Fe²⁺ + 3Template:H2O-nl	0.728	2	^[18]Template:Rp
Se	H ₂SeO ₃(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Se(s) + 3Template:H2O-nl	0.74	4	^[8]
At	AtO⁺ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	At⁺ + Template:H2O-nl	0.74	2	^[21]
Tl	Tl³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Tl(s)	0.741	3	^[8]
No	No³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	No²⁺	0.75	1	^[24]
Pt	PtCl²⁻ ₄ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pt(s) + 4Cl⁻	0.758	2	^[15]
Br	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.BrO⁻ + Template:H2O-nl(l) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Br⁻ + 2 OH⁻	0.76	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Po	Po⁴⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Po	0.76	4	^[8]
S	(SCN)₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2SCN⁻	0.769	2	^[25]^[8]
Fe	Fe³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Fe²⁺	0.771	1	^[8]
Hg	Hg²⁺ ₂ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Hg(l)	0.7973	2	^[8]
Ag	Ag⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ag(s)	0.7996	1	^[10]
N	2NO⁻ ₃(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	N ₂O ₄(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.803	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Fe	2FeO²⁻ ₄ + 5Template:H2O-nl + 6 e⁻	⇌	Fe ₂O ₃(s) + 10 OH⁻	0.81	6	^[12]
Au	[AuBr ₄]⁻ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 4Br⁻	0.85	3
Hg	Hg²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Hg(l)	0.85	2
Ir	[IrCl ₆]²⁻ + e⁻	⇌	[IrCl ₆]³⁻	0.87	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Mn	MnO⁻ ₄ + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	HMnO⁻ ₄	0.9	1
Po	Po⁴⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Po²⁺	0.9	2	^[8]
Hg	2Hg²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Hg²⁺ ₂	0.91	2	^[13]
Pd	Pd²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pd(s)	0.915	2	^[15]
Au	[AuCl ₄]⁻ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 4Cl⁻	0.93	3
N	NO⁻ ₃ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HNO₂(aq)	0.94	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Mn	MnO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Mn³⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	0.95	1
N	NO⁻ ₃(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	NO(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.958	3	^[7]
Au	[AuBr ₂]⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 2Br⁻	0.96	1
Fe	Fe ₃O ₄(s) + 8 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	3Fe²⁺ + 4Template:H2O-nl	0.98	2	^[18]Template:Rp
Xe	[HXeO ₆]³⁻ + 2Template:H2O-nl + 2 e⁻	⇌	[HXeO ₄]⁻ + 4 OH⁻	0.99	2	^[6]Template:Rp^[26]
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HNO₂(aq) + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	NO(g) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	0.996	1	^[6]Template:Rp
At	HAtO + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	At + Template:H2O-nl	1.0	1	^[20]
V	[VO ₂]⁺ (aq) + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	[VO]²⁺ (aq) + Template:H2O-nl	1	1	^[27]
Te	H ₆TeO ₆(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	TeO ₂(s) + 4Template:H2O-nl	1.02	2	^[27]
N	NO₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	NO(g) + H₂O(l)	1.03	2	^[16]
Br	Br⁻ ₃ + 2 e⁻	⇌	3Br⁻	1.05	2	^[16]
Sb	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₅(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.Sb₂O₄(s) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.055	2	^[6]Template:Rp
I	ICl⁻ ₂ + e⁻	⇌	2Cl⁻ + I(s)	1.06	1	^[16]
Br	Br ₂(l) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Br⁻	1.066	2	^[10]
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂O₄(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HNO₂	1.07	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Br	Br ₂(aq) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Br⁻	1.0873	2	^[10]
Ru	RuO ₂ + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ru²⁺ (aq) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.120	2	^[19]
Cu	Cu²⁺ + 2CN⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Cu(CN)⁻ ₂	1.12	1	^[13]
I	IO⁻ ₃ + 5 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	HIO(aq) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.13	4	^[6]Template:Rp
O	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.H₂O₂(aq) + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Template:H2O-nl(l) + Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HO•	1.14	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Au	[AuCl ₂]⁻ + e⁻	⇌	Au(s) + 2Cl⁻	1.15	1
Se	HSeO⁻ ₄ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	H ₂SeO ₃(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	1.15	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ag	Ag ₂O(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Ag(s) + Template:H2O-nl	1.17	2
Cl	ClO⁻ ₃ + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	ClO ₂(g) + Template:H2O-nl	1.175	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Xe	[HXeO ₆]³⁻ + 5Template:H2O-nl + 8 e⁻	⇌	Xe(g) + 11 OH⁻	1.18	8	^[26]
Pt	Pt²⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pt(s)	1.188	2	^[15]
Cl	ClO ₂(g) + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	HClO ₂(aq)	1.19	1	^[28]
I	2IO⁻ ₃ + 12 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	I ₂(s) + 6Template:H2O-nl	1.2	10	^[16]
Mn	MnO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Mn²⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.224	2	^[10]
O	O ₂(g) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	2Template:H2O-nl	1.229	4	^[7]
N	N₂H⁺ ₅ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2NH⁺ ₄	1.28	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cl	ClO⁻ ₄ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	ClO⁻ ₃ + Template:H2O-nl	1.23	2	^[29]
Ru	[Ru(bipy) ₃]³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	[Ru(bipy) ₃]²⁺	1.24	1	^[1]
Xe	[HXeO ₄]⁻ + 3Template:H2O-nl + 6 e⁻	⇌	Xe(g) + 7 OH⁻	1.24	6	^[6]Template:Rp^[26]
N	2NO⁻ ₃ + 12 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂(g) + 6Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.25	10	^[6]Template:Rp
Tl	Tl³⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Tl⁺	1.25	2	^[6]Template:Rp
N	2Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HNO₂(aq) + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂O(g) + 3Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.297	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Cr	Cr ₂O²⁻ ₇ + 14 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	2Cr³⁺ + 7Template:H2O-nl	1.33	6	^[4]Template:Rp
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.NH₃OH⁺ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	NH⁺ ₄ + Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.35	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Cl	Cl ₂(g) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Cl⁻	1.36	2	^[7]
Ru	RuO⁻ ₄(aq) + 8 H⁺ + 5 e⁻	⇌	Ru²⁺ (aq) + 4Template:H2O-nl	1.368	5	^[19]
Ru	RuO ₄ + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	RuO ₂ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.387	4	^[19]
Co	CoO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Co³⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.42	1
N	2NH ₃OH⁺ + H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	N ₂H⁺ ₅ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.42	2	^[4]
I	2HIO(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	I ₂(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.44	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Br	BrO⁻ ₃ + 5 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	HBrO(aq) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.447	4	^[6]Template:Rp
Pb	β-PbO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb²⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.46	2	^[13]
Pb	α-PbO ₂(s) + 4 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb²⁺ + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.468	2	^[13]
Br	2BrO⁻ ₃ + 12 H⁺ + 10 e⁻	⇌	Br ₂(l) + 6Template:H2O-nl	1.48	10
At	HAtO₃ + 4 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	HAtO + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.5	4	^[20]
Mn	MnO⁻ ₄ + 8 H⁺ + 5 e⁻	⇌	Mn²⁺ + 4Template:H2O-nl	1.51	5	^[16]
O	HO^• ₂ + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	H ₂O ₂(aq)	1.51	1
Au	Au³⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Au(s)	1.52	3
Ru	RuO²⁻ ₄(aq) + 8 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	Ru²⁺ (aq) + 4Template:H2O-nl	1.563	4	^[19]
N	2NO(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂O(g) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.59	2	^[6]Template:Rp
Ni	NiO ₂(s) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Ni²⁺ + 2 OH⁻	1.59	2
Ce	Ce⁴⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ce³⁺	1.61	1
Cl	2HClO(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Cl ₂(g) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.63	2	^[28]
I	IO⁻ ₄ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	IO⁻ ₃ + Template:H2O-nl	1.64	2	^[29]
Ag	Ag ₂O ₃(s) + 6 H⁺ + 4 e⁻	⇌	2Ag⁺ + 3Template:H2O-nl	1.67	4
Cl	HClO ₂(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	HClO(aq) + Template:H2O-nl	1.67	2	^[28]
Pb	Pb⁴⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Pb²⁺	1.69	2	^[13]
Mn	MnO⁻ ₄ + 4 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	MnO ₂(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	1.7	3	^[16]
Br	BrO⁻ ₄ + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	BrO⁻ ₃ + Template:H2O-nl	1.74	2	^[29]
Ag	AgO(s) + 2 H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ag⁺ + Template:H2O-nl	1.77	1
N	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂O(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.N₂(g) + Template:H2O-nl(l)	1.77	2	^[6]Template:Rp
O	H ₂O ₂(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2Template:H2O-nl	1.78	2	^[28]
Au	Au⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Au(s)	1.83	1	^[13]
Co	Co³⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Co²⁺	1.92	1	^[8]
Ag	Ag²⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Ag⁺	1.98	1	^[13]
O	S ₂O²⁻ ₈ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2SO²⁻ ₄	2.01	2	^[10]
O	O ₃(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	O ₂(g) + Template:H2O-nl	2.075	2	^[15]
Mn	HMnO⁻ ₄ + 3 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	MnO ₂(s) + 2Template:H2O-nl	2.09	2
Xe	XeO ₃(aq) + 6 H⁺ + 6 e⁻	⇌	Xe(g) + 3Template:H2O-nl	2.12	6	^[6]Template:Rp^[26]
Xe	H ₄XeO ₆(aq) + 8 H⁺ + 8 e⁻	⇌	Xe(g) + 6Template:H2O-nl	2.18	8	^[6]Template:Rp^[26]
Fe	FeO²⁻ ₄ + 8 H⁺ + 3 e⁻	⇌	Fe³⁺ + 4Template:H2O-nl	2.2	3	^[30]
Xe	XeF ₂(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	Xe(g) + 2HF(aq)	2.32	2	^[26]^[28]
O	Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.HO• + H⁺ + e⁻	⇌	Template:H2O-nl(l)	2.38	1	^[6]Template:Rp
Xe	H ₄XeO ₆(aq) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	XeO ₃(aq) + 3Template:H2O-nl	2.42	2	^[26]^[6]Template:Rp
F	F ₂(g) + 2 e⁻	⇌	2F⁻	2.87	2	^[6]Template:Rp^[7]^[13]
Cm	Cm⁴⁺ + e^–	⇌	Cm³⁺	3.0	1	Estimated^[3]
F	F ₂(g) + 2 H⁺ + 2 e⁻	⇌	2HF(aq)	3.077	2	^[3]
Tb	Tb⁴⁺ + e^–	⇌	Tb³⁺	3.1	1	Estimated^[3]
Pr	Pr⁴⁺ + e^–	⇌	Pr³⁺	3.2	1	Estimated^[3]
Kr	KrF ₂(aq) + 2 e⁻	⇌	Kr(g) + 2F⁻ (aq)	3.27	2	Estimated^[31]

Notes

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^ ^a ^b Not specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between the value −0.454 and that computed by (2×(−0.499) + (−0.508))/3 = −0.502, exactly matching the difference between the values for white (−0.063) and red (−0.111) phosphorus in equilibrium with PH₃.

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
^ Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1263
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Script error: No such module "cite".
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
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^ David R. Lide, ed., CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Internet Version 2005, http://www.hbcpnetbase.com Script error: No such module "webarchive"., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2005.
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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Script error: No such module "cite".
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External links

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https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015049/http://www.fptl.ru/biblioteka/spravo4niki/handbook-of-Chemistry-and-Physics.pdf
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/tables/electpot.html#c1

[rwP-16] Not specified in the indicated reference, but assumed due to the difference between the value −0.454 and that computed by (2×(−0.499) + (−0.508))/3 = −0.502, exactly matching the difference between the values for white (−0.063) and red (−0.111) phosphorus in equilibrium with PH₃.

[CRC-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo ^bp ^bq ^br ^bs ^bt ^bu ^bv Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.

[Greenwood1263-2] Greenwood and Earnshaw, p. 1263

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