Tiletamine

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(Redirected from Telazol)

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Tiletamine
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Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comInternational Drug Names
Routes of
administration		IV, IM, SC, Other
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  • none
Legal status
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Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismLiver
ExcretionKidneys
Identifiers
  • 2-Ethylamino-2-(2-thienyl)cyclohexanone
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Chemical and physical data
FormulaC12H17NOS
Molar mass223.33 g·mol−1
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  • O=C2C(c1sccc1)(NCC)CCCC2
  • InChI=1S/C12H17NOS/c1-2-13-12(11-7-5-9-15-11)8-4-3-6-10(12)14/h5,7,9,13H,2-4,6,8H2,1H3 checkY
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Tiletamine is a dissociative anesthetic and pharmacologically classified as an NMDA receptor antagonist.[1] It is an arylcyclohexylamine chemically related to ketamine.[2] Tiletamine hydrochloride exists as odorless white crystals.

It is used in veterinary medicine in the combination product Telazol (tiletamine/zolazepam, 50 mg/ml of each in 5 ml vial) as an injectable anesthetic for use in cats and dogs.[3][4][5] It is sometimes used in combination with xylazine (Rompun) to chemically immobilize large mammals such as polar bears[6] and wood bison.[7] Telazol is the only commercially available tiletamine product in the United States. It is contraindicated in patients of an ASA score of III or greater and in animals with CNS signs, hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease, pancreatic or renal disease, pregnancy, glaucoma, or penetrating eye injuries.[3]

Society and culture

Recreational use of telazol has been documented.[8] Animal studies have also shown that tiletamine produces rewarding and reinforcing effects.[9] Products that combine Tiletamine and Zolazepam are classified as Schedule III controlled substances in the United States.[10] Otherwise, as noted by the DEA, tiletamine is unscheduled: “…[R]ules applicable to the scheduling of tiletamine and zolazepam as individual entities are not warranted [or in effect] at this time. Neither tiletamine nor zolazepam, as discrete substances, is perceived to pose a significant threat to the health and general welfare at this time…”[11]

The use of pure tiletamine outside of the veterinary mixes has been documented being smoked in e-cigarettes, with both abuse and withdrawal causing severe limb tremors.[12] Tiletamine has also been found in samples sold as ketamine, sometimes alongside other adulterants.[13][14]

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klockgether T, Turski L, Schwarz M, Sontag KH, Lehmann J (October 1988). "Paradoxical convulsant action of a novel non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, tiletamine". Brain Research. 461 (2): 343–348. doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90265-X. PMID 2846121. S2CID 41671395.
  2. ^ CID 26533 from PubChemTemplate:EditAtWikidataTemplate:WikidataCheck
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tiletamine". Drugs.com. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, Tranquilli WJ (December 1993). "Telazol--a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine". Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 16 (4): 383–418. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1993.tb00206.x. PMID 8126757.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tiletamine". Toxnet. U.S. National Library of Medicine. 21 January 2009.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cattet MR, Caulkett NA, Lunn NJ (July 2003). "Anesthesia of polar bears using xylazine-zolazepam-tiletamine or zolazepam-tiletamine". Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 39 (3): 655–664. doi:10.7589/0090-3558-39.3.655. PMID 14567228.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Caulkett NA, Cattet MR, Cantwell S, Cool N, Olsen W (January 2000). "Anesthesia of wood bison with medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine combinations". The Canadian Veterinary Journal = la Revue Veterinaire Canadienne. 41 (1): 49–53. doi:10.4141/cjas61-007. PMC 1476335. PMID 10642872.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Quail MT, Weimersheimer P, Woolf AD, Magnani B (2001). "Abuse of telazol: an animal tranquilizer". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology. 39 (4): 399–402. doi:10.1081/clt-100105161. PMID 11527235. S2CID 21280839.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.de la Peña JB, Lee HC, de la Peña IC, Woo TS, Yoon SY, Lee HL, et al. (August 2012). "Rewarding and reinforcing effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist-benzodiazepine combination, Zoletil®: difference between acute and repeated exposure". Behavioural Brain Research. 233 (2): 434–442. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.05.038. PMID 22659394. S2CID 25425333.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Lists of: Scheduling Actions, Controlled Substances, Regulated Chemicals" (PDF). Drug Enforcement Administration. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Preparations Which Contain Both Tiletamine and Zolazepam into Schedule III" (PDF). Isomer Design. Drug Enforcement Administration. January 21, 1987. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 3, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhou B, Yang S, Zhou X, Chen Q, Tu E, Zhang B, et al. (2025). "Severe tremors induced by tiletamine e-cigarette and alcohol use: a case report". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16 1537822. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1537822. PMC 12004490. PMID 40248598.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WEDINOS - Sample Results". www.wedinos.org. Retrieved 2026-03-05.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Erowid DrugsData. "DrugsData.org (was EcstasyData): Test Details : Result #14494 - Diamond, 14494". www.drugsdata.org. Retrieved 2026-03-05.

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