Tharavad
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Tharavad, also spelled as Tharavadu (Audio file "Tharavad.ogg" not found) (തറവാട്), is the Malayalam word for the ancestral home of aristocratic Nair families[1][2] in Kerala, which usually served as the common residence for the matrilineal joint family under the Marumakkathayam system practiced in the state.[3][4] German linguist Hermann Gundert, in his Malayalam—English dictionary published in 1872, defines a Tharavadu as, "An ancestral residence of land-owners and kings", and also as, "A house, chiefly of noblemen".[5] It was classically the residence of Jenmimar, but contemporary usage of the word is now more generic to all social classes and religions in Kerala.[6] By extension, the word refers not just to the family's house but also to the extended family that shares that house. Heads of tharavadus - usually the eldest living male - were known as Karnavars, and junior members as Anandravans.
Architecture
Although Tharavadu houses come in different typologies, certain elements remain consistent in their layout. At the heart of the design is the nadumuttam, or central courtyard. The number of courtyards within a house traditionally spoke of the family’s wealth, status, and size.[7]
Inseparable from the traditional concept of a tharavad is, historically, Kerala's distinctive Nālukettu architectural tradition.[8] A classic Nalukettu tharavad would be built with four halls collectively enclosing a Nadumuttam, or open-air courtyard. Wealthier and more prominent tharavads would construct mansions with multiple such atria, such as the eight-halled Ettukettu, with two nadumuttams, or Pathinarukettu, sixteen-halled with four nadumuttams, and the preserve of royal families and tharavads of similar rank. Rarely, twelve-halled Pathrandukettu were constructed with three courtyards,[9] and there is a record of a 32-halled Muppathirandukettu being erected, although it was lost to a fire soon after construction.[10]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.manoramanews, manoramaonline. "Christian Tharavadu".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.The new indian express, Indian Express. "A house reminisces 400 years of its history".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kakkat, Thulasi (18 August 2012). "Kerala's Nalukettus". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kunhikrishnan, K. (12 April 2003). "Fallen tharavads". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 December 2017.[dead link]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hermann Gundert (1872). A Malayalam and English Dictionary. C. Stolz. p. 434. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pannikar, K.M. (1960). "A History of Kerala 1498 - 1801". Annamalai University Press.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Subodh, Megha (16 July 2021). "Tharavadu housing of Kerala: A Royal Heritage". RTF | Rethinking The Future. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.jazeela, juvairiah (2 September 2020). "Nalukettu - The Heart of a Tharavad". Archipasta. Retrieved 30 August 2025.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nayar, Devu (2022). "House as Ritual: Stories of Gender, Space, and Caste in Colonial Kerala". Masters of Environmental Design Theses. 6.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Some Namboothiri Illams". www.namboothiri.com. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
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