Tugela River
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| Tugela Script error: No such module "Lang". | |
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| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. The Tugela River with the Amphitheatre in the background | |
| Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxImage/data' not found. The course of the Tugela river, from the west to the east border of KwaZulu-Natal. | |
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| Native name | Template:Native name checker |
| Location | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | KwaZulu-Natal |
| Towns | Bergville, Colenso |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mouth | Indian Ocean |
• coordinates | Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. |
• elevation | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Length | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
Basin size | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • minimum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • average | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| • maximum | Template:Infobox river/calcunit |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | |
| • right | |
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The Tugela River (Template:Langx; Template:Langx) is the largest river in KwaZulu, South Africa. With a total length of Template:Cvt, and a drop of 1Template:Thinsp370 metres in the lower 480 km,[1] it is one of the most important rivers of the country.[2]
The river originates in Mont-aux-Sources of the of two other major South African rivers, the Orange and the Caledon River. From the Drakensberg range, the Tugela follows a Template:Cvt route through the KwaZulu-Natal midlands before flowing into the Indian Ocean.[3] The total catchment area is approximately Template:Cvt.[3] Land uses in the catchment are mainly rural subsistence farming and commercial forestry.
Tributaries
The Tugela is fed by a number of tributaries coming off the Drakensberg, the largest being the Mzinyathi ("Buffalo") River (rising near Majuba Hill). Others are the Little Tugela River, Klip River (rising near Van Reenen Pass), Mooi River, Blood River, Sundays River (rising in the Biggarsberg) Ingagani River and Bushman River.[3][4] The Buffalo River joins the Tugela some Template:Cvt east of Tugela Ferry at Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found..
The Blood River was named by the Boers, led by Andries Pretorius, after they defeated the Zulu king Dingane on 16 December 1838. The river is said to have run red with the blood of Zulu warriors. Below the Blood River is Rorke's Drift, a crossing point and a battle site, in the Anglo-Zulu War.[5]
Ecology
The scaly yellowfish (Labeobarbus natalensis) is found in the Tugela River System. It is a common endemic fish in KwaZulu-Natal Province and it is found in different habitats between the Drakensberg foothills and the coastal lowlands, including rivers such as the Umkomazi.[6]
Spelling
The spelling Tugela was used for most of the twentieth century; it is an Anglicised version of the Zulu name Thukela. Nineteenth-century writers adopted a variety of spellings including:
- Isaacs (1836) used a number of different spellings in his book, Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa,[7] including Ootergale and Ootoogale.
- C.R. Maclean (John Ross), writing in the Nautical Magazine in 1853, used the spelling Zootagoola[8]
- George French Angas, a nineteenth-century artist, used the name Tugala on the captions to his sketches.[9]
Some of the variations can be accounted for by the early European writers being unaware that Zulu grammar uses prefixes, often a "i-" or a "u-", to denote the noun class of a noun.
See also
- Dams on the Tugela
Notes
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Key rivers of South Africa - MyFundi". Retrieved 2024-05-15.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Key rivers of South Africa". MyFundi.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link) - ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Proposal to establishment a Catchment Management Agency for the Thukela Water Management Area - Appendix A" (PDF). Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. July 2004. Retrieved 2008-10-21.
- ^ Thukela WMA 7
- ^ Script error: No such module "template wrapper". This has a very detailed description of the river's course.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Technical Report on the State of Yellowfishes in South Africa 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-06-29. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Nathaniel Isaacs (1836). Travels and Adventures in Eastern Africa - Vol I. Edward Churton. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.C.R. Maclean (February 1853). "Loss of the Brig Mary at Natal with Early Recollections of that Settlement - Two". The Nautical Magazine. pp. 74–80. Reproduced in Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stephen Gray, ed. (1992). The Natal Papers of John Ross. Killie Campbell Africana Library. ISBN 978-0-869-80851-1.
- ^ "Making outchoualla or native beer, at Gudu's kraal, Tugala River, Zulu country", a sketch by G F Angas; National Library of Australia.
External links
Page Template:Sister-inline/styles.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Sister project logo". Media related to Script error: No such module "Commons link". at Wikimedia Commons
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