Tichit

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Tichit
Commune and village
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Tichit, with Dhar Tichitt escarpment in the background
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CountryFile:Flag of Mauritania.svg Mauritania
RegionTagant
Population
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Official name
Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata
TypeCultural
Criteriaiii, iv, v
Designated1996 (20th session)
Reference no.750
Region
Arab States
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Tichit, or Tichitt (Template:Langx, Template:Langx), is a village at the foot of the Tagant Plateau in central southern Mauritania that is known for its vernacular architecture and proximity to the Dhar Tichitt archaeological sites. The main agriculture in Tichit is date farming, and the village is also home to a small museum.

Tichitt Airport has two unpaved runways designated in a barren area 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) southeast of the village.

History

Neolithic

This region includes a long sandstone cliff formation that defines the northern limit of the Hodh depression, near the former lake of Aoukar.[1]

The Neolithic sites of Dhar Tichitt were settled around 2000 BC by agropastoral communities known as the Tichitt culture.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Archaeologists including P.J. Munson, Augustin F.C. Holl, and S. Amblard have found some evidence that millet was farmed there from the date of the communities' foundation. The settlements were generally situated on the cliffs and included stone buildings. They are the oldest surviving archaeological settlements in West Africa and the oldest stone-built settlements south of the Sahara. They are thought to have been built by the proto-Soninke people and were possibly the precursor of the Ghana Empire.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.[2][3] Hundreds of rock art images have been discovered, depicting various animals and hunting scenes.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The area was abandoned around 500 BC probably because of the onset of more arid conditions.

Medieval

The area around Tichit was part of Maasina, the Fula term for the Dhar Tichitt-Walata-Néma region and origin of the name Massina for the Inner Niger Delta.[4] Al-Bakri's 11th century chronicle records a war between 'Masin' and nearby Awgham. The oldest population strata in Tichit consists of an Afro-Berber group still called the Imasna.[5]

The town of Tichitt was founded in the 12th century as a caravan stop on the Trans-Saharan trade route linking Oualâta to Chinguetti and eventually Sijilmasa.[1] According to legend, seven towns have been built on top of each other at the site.[6]

The Azer dialect of Soninke was spoken in Tichit from the era of the Wagadou Empire until the early 20th century.[7] The name 'Tichit' may be derived from a term meaning 'language of the blacks' in the Tuareg languages.[8]

Modern

The town was self-sufficient and boasted several thousand inhabitants in the early 20th century, but desertification and sand encroachment have led to the abandonment of many structures.[6] In 1996, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In 1999, torrential rains caused flooding that damaged 80% of the town.[6]

Vernacular Architecture

Climate

Tichit has a hot desert climate (BWh) according to the Köppen climate classification. Script error: No such module "weather box".

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kjeilen, Tore. "TICHIT The living ghost of yesterday's glory". LookLex. Archived from the original on 2020-05-22.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fage, J.D (1976), The Cambridge history of Africa, Volume 5, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 338, 339, ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Coquery-Vidrovitch, Catherine (2005), The History of African Cities South of the Sahara, Princeton: Markus Wiener, pp. 42, 43, ISBN 978-1-55876-303-6.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kane, Oumar (2004). La première hégémonie peule. Le Fuuta Tooro de Koli Teηella à Almaami Abdul. Paris: Karthala. Retrieved 12 July 2023.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.al-Sadi, Abd; Hunwick, John (2003). Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sa'Di's Ta'Rikh Al-Sudan Down to 1613 and Other Contemporary Documents. Brill Academic. p. 31. ISBN 978-9004128224.
  6. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ould Ebnou, Moussa (2000). "The Treasures in Mauritania's dunes". The UNESCO Courier. 53 (12): 26–8. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.McDougall, E. Ann (1985). "The View from Awdaghust: War, Trade and Social Change in the Southwestern Sahara, from the Eighth to the Fifteenth Century". The Journal of African History. 26 (1): 1–31. doi:10.1017/S0021853700023069.
  8. ^ Michael J Rueck; Niels Christiansen. Northern Songhay languages in Mali and Niger, a sociolinguistic survey. Summer Institute of Linguistics (1999).

Bibliography

Further reading

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