Turku Arabic
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Turku Arabic or simply just Turku is an extinct variant of Bimbashi Arabic that served as a lingua franca in Chad.[1] It is the ancestor to Bongor Arabic[2] and potentially other Arabic pidgins spoken in Chad today, but since they have not been described, it is unclear whether they are direct descendants of Turku.[3]
History
Turku emerged as a regional variant of Bimbashi Arabic when Bimbashi-speaking enslaved soldiers were forced to relocate from Sudan to Chad after the abolition of slavery in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan in 1879.[2] The primary lexifier of Turku is Sudanese Arabic, and it is also heavily influenced by Sango and Sara-Bagirmi languages, from which most of its loanwords originate.[2] Although not much is known about Turku, a dictionary and a phrasebook were published in 1926.[4]
Grammar
Turku had at least 2 tense/aspect markers: gahed (a continuous aspect particle) and bi- (a future tense particle). Similar particles are also found in Juba Arabic and Nubi.[5]
Vocabulary
| Turku[2] | Origin[2] | English |
|---|---|---|
| adinbang | From Bagirmi ádim mbàŋ | eunuch |
| gao | From Sar gáw | hunter |
| ngari | From Mbay ngàrì | manioc |
| kay | From Sango kâî | paddle |
| itenan | From French lieutenant | lieutenant |
| pfil | From Arabic Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.فيل Script error: No such module "lang". | elephant |
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin (eds.). "Turku". Glottolog . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ^ a b c d e Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Manfredi, Stefano; Lucas, Christopher (2019). Arabic and Contact-induced Change. Language Science Press. pp. 323–325. ISBN 9783961102518.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thomason, Sarah Grey (January 1997). Contact Languages: A Wider Perspective. John Benjamins. ISBN 9027252394.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ansado, Umberto; Meyerhoff, Miriam (2021). The Routledge Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Languages. Routledge. p. 37. ISBN 9781000221480.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sartori, Nanuel; Giolfo, Manuela E.B.; Cassuto, Phelippe (2016). Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher. Brill. p. 453. ISBN 9789004325883.
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