Virtual International Authority File

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Virtual International Authority File
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AcronymVIAF
OrganisationOCLC
Introduced6 August 2003; 23 years ago (2003-08-06)
Example106965171
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The Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) is an international authority file. It is a joint project of several national libraries, operated by the Online Computer Library Center (OCLC).[1]

History

File:VIAF Screenshot 2012.png
Homepage in 2012

Discussions about having a joint international authority started in the late 1990s. After several failed attempts to develop a unique joint authority file, the new idea was to link existing national authorities. This would present all the benefits of a standard file without requiring a significant investment of time and expense in the process.[2]

The project was initiated by the American Library of Congress (LC), the German National Library (DNB), and the OCLC in April 1998 as a proof-of-concept that authority records can be linked.[3] After extensive testing, the VIAF consortium was formed at the 2003 World Library and Information Congress, hosted by the International Federation of Library Associations.[4] on 6 August 2003,[5][6] and by September it had its own page at the OCLC website.[7] The Script error: No such module "Lang". (BnF) joined the project on 5 October 2007.

The project transitioned to being a service of OCLC on 4 April 2012.[8]

The aim is to link the national authority files (such as the German Integrated Authority File) to a single virtual authority file. In this file, identical records from the different data sets are linked together. A VIAF record receives a standard data number, contains the primary "see" and "see also" records from the original documents, and refers to the original authority records. The data is made available online and is available for research and, data exchange and sharing. Reciprocal updating uses the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) protocol.

The file numbers are also being added to Wikipedia biographical articles and are incorporated into Wikidata.[9][10]

Christine L. Borgman groups VIAF with the International Standard Name Identifier and ORCID systems, describing all three as "loosely coordinated efforts to standardize name forms".Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Borgman characterizes all three systems as attempts to solve the problem of author name disambiguation, which has grown in scale as the quantity of data multiplies.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. She notes that VIAF, unlike the other two systems, is led by libraries, as opposed to individual authors or creators.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.

VIAF clusters

VIAF's clustering algorithm is run every month. As more data are added from participating libraries, clusters of authority records may coalesce or split, leading to some fluctuation in the VIAF identifier of certain authority records.[11]

Participating libraries and organizations

English Wikipedia entry name Identifier Native-language name Location Country/Region
National Library of Argentina[12] ARBABN Template:Langx Buenos Aires Argentina
Bibliotheca Alexandrina EGAXA Template:Langx Alexandria Egypt
Biblioteca Nacional de Chile BNCHL Template:Langx Santiago Chile
Biblioteca Nacional de España BNE Template:Langx Madrid Spain
Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal PTBNP Template:Langx Lisbon Portugal
Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec B2Q Template:Langx Quebec Canada
Bibliothèque nationale de France BnF Template:Langx Paris France
National Library of Greece ΕΒΕ Template:Langx Athens Greece
Bibliothèque Nationale du Royaume du Maroc (BNRM) MRBNR Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Rabat Morocco
Biografisch Portaal BPN Template:Langx The Hague Netherlands
British Library – London England
Danish Agency for Culture and Palaces Template:Langx Copenhagen Denmark
Danish Bibliographic Centre DBC Template:Langx Ballerup Denmark
German National Library (DNB) GND Template:Langx Frankfurt Germany
International Standard Name Identifier ISNI – London United Kingdom
Israel Museum Template:Langx Jerusalem Israel
Istituto Centrale per il Catalogo Unico ICCU
SBN 		Template:Langx Rome Italy
Lebanese National Library LNL Template:Langx Beirut Lebanon
Library and Archives Canada LAC Template:Langx Ottawa, Ontario Canada
Library of Congress
NACO consortium (Name Authority Cooperative Program) 		LCCN – Washington, D.C. United States
National and University Library in Zagreb NSK Template:Langx Zagreb Croatia
National and University Library of Slovenia Template:Langx Ljubljana Slovenia
National Central Library NCL
CYT 		Template:Zh Taipei Taiwan
National Diet Library NDL Template:Langx Tokyo
Kyoto		 Japan
National Institute of Informatics NII
CiNii 		Template:Langx Tokyo Japan
National Library Board NLB – – Singapore
National Library of Australia NLA – Canberra Australia
National Library of Brazil BLBNB Template:Langx Rio de Janeiro Brazil
National Library of Catalonia BNC Template:Langx Barcelona Spain
National Library of Estonia ERRR Template:Langx Tallinn Estonia
National and University Library of Iceland (NULI) UIY Template:Langx Reykjavík Iceland
National Library of Ireland N6I Template:Langx Dublin Ireland
National Library of Israel NLI Template:Langx Jerusalem Israel
National Library of Korea KRNLK Template:Langx Seoul Korea
National Library of Latvia LNB Template:Langx Riga Latvia
National Library of Luxembourg BNL Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Luxembourg City Luxembourg
National Library of Mexico BNM Template:Langx Mexico City Mexico
National Library of the Netherlands NTA Template:Langx The Hague Netherlands
National Library of New Zealand – Wellington New Zealand
National Library of Norway BIBSYS
W2Z 		Template:Langx Trondheim Norway
National Library of Poland NLP Template:Langx Warsaw Poland
National Library of Russia NLR Template:Langx Saint Petersburg Russia
National Library of Scotland Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Edinburgh Scotland
National Library of South Africa Template:Langx Cape Town
Pretoria		 South Africa
National Library of Sweden SELIBR Template:Langx Stockholm Sweden
National Library of Wales Template:Langx Aberystwyth Wales
National Library of the Czech Republic NKC Template:Langx Prague Czech Republic
National Széchényi Library NSZL Template:Langx Budapest Hungary
Perseus Project PERSEUS – Medford, Massachusetts United States
RERO (Library Network of Western Switzerland) RERO Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Martigny Switzerland
Répertoire International des Sources Musicales RISM – Frankfurt Germany
Système universitaire de documentation SUDOC Template:Langx – France
Syriac Reference Portal SRP – Nashville, Tennessee United States
Swiss National Library SWNL Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx
Template:Langx 		Bern Switzerland
Narodowy Uniwersalny Katalog Centralny, NUKAT [pl] NUKAT Template:Langx – Poland
Union List of Artist Names – Getty Research Institute ULAN
JPG 		– Los Angeles, California United States
United States National Agricultural Library NALT – Beltsville, Maryland United States
United States National Library of Medicine – Bethesda, Maryland United States
Vatican Library BAV Template:Langx – Vatican City
Cultuurconnect (Bibnet [nl] and LOCUS) Digitale Bibliotheek Vlaanderen [nl] Brussels Belgium
Wikidata[citation needed] WKP – Berlin, Germany International

Libraries added for testing purposes

English Wikipedia entry name Identifier Native-language name Location Country
Lithuanian National Library LIH Template:Langx Vilnius Lithuania
National and University Library of Slovenia / COBISS SIMACOB Template:Langx Ljubljana Slovenia

See also

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kelley, Michael; Schwartz, Meredith (2012). "VIAF service transitions to OCLC". Library Journal. 137 (8). Media Source Inc.: 16. Closed access icon
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.O'Neill, Edward T. (12 August 2016). VIAF: Origins. Authority Data on the Web, a Satellite Meeting of the 2016 IFLA World Library and Information Congress. OCLC. Archived from the original (Video presentation) on 13 July 2018 – via YouTube.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."VIAF: Convenient access to name authority files". OCLC. 20 December 2019.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Loesch, Martha Fallahay (28 February 2011). "The Virtual International Authority File". Technical Services Quarterly. 28 (2): 255–256. doi:10.1080/07317131.2011.546304. ISSN 0731-7131. S2CID 62694070.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Morris, Susan R. (September 2003). "Virtual International Authority". Library of Congress Information Bulletin. Library of Congress. Retrieved 5 January 2021.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Agnew, Grace (2008). Digital Rights Management: A Librarian's Guide to Technology and Practise. Chandos Publishing. p. 180. ISBN 978-1-84334-125-3. OCLC 62715356.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Virtual international authority file [OCLC - Projects]". 21 September 2003. Archived from the original on 21 September 2003.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Murphy, Bob (4 April 2012). "Virtual International Authority File service transitions to OCLC; contributing institutions continue to shape direction through VIAF Council". OCLC (Press release). Dublin, OH.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klein, Max; Renspie, Melissa (7 December 2012). "VIAFbot Edits 250,000 Wikipedia Articles to Reciprocate All Links from VIAF into Wikipedia". OCLC.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Klein, Maximilian; Kyrios, Alex (14 October 2013). "VIAFbot and the Integration of Library Data on Wikipedia". The Code4Lib Journal (22). ISSN 1940-5758.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hickey, Thomas B.; Toves, Jenny A. (July 2014). "Managing Ambiguity In VIAF". D-Lib Magazine. 20 (7/8). Corporation for National Research Initiatives. doi:10.1045/july2014-hickey.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."ARABN - National Library of Argentina - VIAF Profile". viaf.org. Retrieved 30 September 2023.

Sources

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  • VIAF at OCLC

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