Vanadium(III) oxide
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| Other names
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3D model (JSmol)
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PubChem CID
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| Properties[1] | |
| V2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 149.881 g/mol |
| Appearance | Black powder |
| Density | 4.87 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1,940 °C (3,520 °F; 2,210 K) |
| Insoluble | |
| Solubility in acids | soluble with difficulty |
| +1976.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure[2] | |
| Corundum, hR30 | |
| R3c (No. 167) | |
a = 547 pm α = 53.74°, β = 90°, γ = 90°
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| Thermochemistry | |
Std molar
entropy (S⦵298) |
98.07 J/mol·K [3] |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−1218.800 kJ/mol [3] |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵)
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−1139.052 kJ/mol [3] |
| Hazards | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Template:Chembox Footer/trackingTemplate:Short descriptionVanadium(III) oxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula V2O3. It is a black basic oxide dissolving in acids to give solutions of vanadium(III) complexes.[5] Upon exposure to air it gradually converts into indigo-blue VO2.[6] It occurs as the rare mineral karelianite.[7]
Structure
V2O3 has the corundum structure.[5] It is antiferromagnetic with a critical temperature of 160 K, below which there is an abrupt change in conductivity from metallic to insulating.[6] This also distorts the crystal structure to a monoclinic space group: C2/c.[2]
Preparation
Vanadium(III) oxide can be prepared by reduction, oxidation, and hydrothermal synthesis (used for crystal growth).[8]
In the reduction method, V2O5 is treated with hydrogen, carbon monoxide, or ammonia gas.[5][8][9]
Uses
Energy storage
Vanadium(III) oxide is a suitable cathode material for aqueous zinc metal batteries.[10]
It is of research interest in the form of porous N-doped carbon nanofibers (PNCNFs), which are suitable for lithium-ion storage.[11] The storage of other ions such as potassium has also been investigated.[12]
Vanadium oxides such as V2O3 possess four readily accessible valence states, making them suitable candidates for pseudocapacitive electrodes in energy storage applications.[8]
Catalysis
Vanadium(III) oxide and its composites have been used as catalysts for chemical looping reforming of methane, ammonium perchlorate decomposition, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and water splitting.[8]
References
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Perry, Dale L. (2016-04-19). Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press. p. 452. ISBN 978-1-4398-1462-8.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shvets, Petr; Dikaya, Olga; Maksimova, Ksenia; Goikhman, Alexander (2019-05-15). "A review of Raman spectroscopy of vanadium oxides". Journal of Raman Spectroscopy. 50 (8). Wiley: 1226–1244. Bibcode:2019JRSp...50.1226S. doi:10.1002/jrs.5616. ISSN 0377-0486. S2CID 182370875.
- ^ a b c R. Robie, B. Hemingway, and J. Fisher, “Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances at 298.15K and 1bar Pressure and at Higher Temperatures,” US Geol. Surv., vol. 1452, 1978.[1]
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.PubChem. "Vanadium oxide (V2O3)". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-03.
- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. doi:10.1016/C2009-0-30414-6. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ a b E.M. Page, S.A.Wass (1994),Vanadium:Inorganic and Coordination chemistry, Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, Template:ISBN
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Karelianite". www.mindat.org.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hu, Peng; Hu, Ping; Vu, Tuan Duc; Li, Ming; Wang, Shancheng; Ke, Yujie; Zeng, Xianting; Mai, Liqiang; Long, Yi (2023-04-26). "Vanadium Oxide: Phase Diagrams, Structures, Synthesis, and Applications". Chemical Reviews. 123 (8): 4355–4360. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00546. ISSN 0009-2665. PMC 10141335. PMID 36972332.
- ^ Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 1267.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Zhu, Kefu; Wei, Shiqiang; Shou, Hongwei; Shen, Feiran; Chen, Shuangming; Zhang, Pengjun; Wang, Changda; Cao, Yuyang; Guo, Xin; Luo, Mi; Zhang, Hongjun; Ye, Bangjiao; Wu, Xiaojun; He, Lunhua; Song, Li (2021-11-25). "Defect engineering on V2O3 cathode for long-cycling aqueous zinc metal batteries". Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6878. doi:10.1038/s41467-021-27203-w. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 8617200.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Han, Chunhua; Liu, Fang; Liu, Jinshuai; Li, Qi; Meng, Jiashen; Shao, Bowen; He, Qiu; Wang, Xuanpeng; Liu, Ziang; Mai, Liqiang (2018-04-17). "Facile template-free synthesis of uniform carbon-confined V2O3 hollow spheres for stable and fast lithium storage". Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 6 (15): 6220–6224. doi:10.1039/C8TA01695J. ISSN 2050-7496.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jin, Ting; Li, Haixia; Li, Yang; Jiao, Lifang; Chen, Jun (2018-08-01). "Intercalation pseudocapacitance in flexible and self-standing V2O3 porous nanofibers for high-rate and ultra-stable K ion storage". Nano Energy. 50: 462–467. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.05.056. ISSN 2211-2855.
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