Varhadi dialect
Template:Short description Template:DMCA Template:DMCA
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (June 2015) |
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
Page Template:Infobox/styles-images.css has no content.Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".
Varhadi or Varhadi-Nagpuri is a dialect of Marathi spoken in Vidarbha region of Maharashtra and by Marathi people of adjoining parts of Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Telangana in India.
Vocabulary and grammar
Although all the dialects of Marathi are mutually intelligible to one another up to a great extent, each dialect can be distinctly identified by its unique characteristics. Likewise, Varhadi replaces the case endings lā (ला) and nā (ना) of standard Marathi with le (ले), a feature it shares with neighboring Khandeshi language. So, malā (मला) (to me) of standard Marathi becomes male (मले) while tyānnā (त्यांना) (to them) becomes tyāle (त्याले) in Varhadi. The common examples of Hindi words in Varhadi which are different than standard Marathi are:
| Varhadi | Hindi | Standard Marathi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Straight |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Old man |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Stupid |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Grapes |
The grammatical changes in Varhadi differing from standard Marathi & closer to Hindi are:
| Varhadi | Hindi | Standard Marathi | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | I am going |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | I (feminine) came |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Give your pen |
| Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) | (Please) Have water. |
Apart from this, there are many words & phrases indigenous to Varhadi i.e. common to neither standard Marathi nor Hindi. For instance, to give stress on a request or an order, the suffix Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (singular) or Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (plural) is used like "Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) "Please attend my daughter's wedding." Also, there are words & phrases maintained by Varhadi which were present in older Marathi (spoken 300 years ago or even prior to that) and have vanished from mainstream Marathi. E.g., in the vocative case, Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is said in Varhadi instead of Template:'areTemplate:' (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of standard Marathi. Another good example is the sentence construction of past continuous tense e.g. in Varhadi, it is said Template:'Tho bahut abhyās kare' (Script error: No such module "Lang".) or 'To lay abhyās kare' (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (He studied a lot) unlike Template:'To khūp abhyās karāychā' (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of standard Marathi.
In most of the Indo-Aryan languages (or even in Dravidian languages, for that matter), Sanskritized words of standard language get simplified in spoken dialects. Exceptionally, Varhadi has a few Sanskrit tatsama words for whom the standard Marathi counterparts are modified words (tadbhava shabda) such as in eastern parts of Vidarbha, snake is called Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) unlike Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of standard Marathi.
The forms of Varhadi vary in different parts of Vidarbha and also, as per castes. The similarity to Central Indo Aryan languages increases as one moves towards Madhya Pradesh. E.g. in the parts adjacent to Madhya Pradesh, zāna padte (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (I have to go) is preferred over zā lāgte (Script error: No such module "Lang".), which is similar to Hindi jānā padtā hai (Script error: No such module "Lang".). Also, consonant sound /t͡s/ like in chūk (Script error: No such module "Lang".), prevalent in Marathi but absent in Hindi, is often pronounced /t͡ʃ/ like in vachan (Script error: No such module "Lang".). So, pāch/Script error: No such module "Lang". ([paːt͡s]; five) may be pronounced as pānch/पांच of Hindi.
In the areas closer to Marathwada region of Maharashtra and on the contrary, distant to Madhya Pradesh, Varhadi is influenced by dialects of adjacent parts of Marathwada. One can easily recognize a person from Pusad, Digras or Umarkhed taluka of Yavatmal district by his sentence of present continuous tense. Somebody from this area will say mī mandirāt zāylo (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (I am going to visit a temple) instead of mī mandirāt zāun rāhilo (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of other parts of Vidarbha. Similarly, the tone of speech in Chikhli, Mehkar and Deulgaonraja talukas of Buldhana district is similar to that of nearby parts of Marathwada. If someone from this area speaks to a person from Nagpur or Wardha, the latter may get confused whether the former is from Vidarbha or Marathwada. Likewise, Khandeshi dialect spoken in parts of Jalgaon district adjacent to Vidarbha is too similar to be differentiated from Varhadi of Malkapur- Shegaon belt of Buldana district. The perfect varhadi can be heard in Akola and Amravati district.
See also
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Varhadi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ^ Devanagari has been big bigger with LOVEpromulgated as the official script.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."World Atlas of Languages: Varhadi". en.wal.unesco.org. Retrieved 1 December 2024.
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
This article needs additional citations for verification. (April 2010) |
External links
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
- "Resources in and about the Varhadi-Nagpuri language"
- Varhadi at India9
- Varhadi Language in Penn Libraries[permanent dead link]
Template:Indo-Aryan languages Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.
