Web Open Font Format

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Web Open Font Format
Filename extensionPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • .woff
  • .woff2
Internet media typePage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • font/woff
  • font/woff2
  • application/font-woff (deprecated)[1][2]
Magic numberPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
  • 77 4F 46 46 ("wOFF" in ASCII)
  • 77 4F 46 32 ("wOF2" in ASCII)
Developed byW3C
Type of formatFont file
Container forSFNT fonts
WebsitePage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.

The Web Open Font Format (WOFF) is a font format for use in web pages. WOFF files are OpenType or TrueType fonts, with format-specific compression applied and additional XML metadata added. The two primary goals are first to distinguish font files intended for use as web fonts from fonts files intended for use in desktop applications via local installation, and second to reduce web font latency when fonts are transferred from a server to a client over a network connection.

Standardization

The first draft of WOFF 1 was published in 2009 by Jonathan Kew, Tal Leming, and Erik van Blokland,[3] with reference conversion code written by Jonathan Kew.[4] Following the submission of WOFF to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) by the Mozilla Foundation, Opera Software and Microsoft in April 2010,[5][6] the W3C commented that it expected WOFF to soon become the "single, interoperable [font] format" supported by all browsers.[7] The W3C published WOFF as a working draft in July 2010.[8][9] The final draft was published as a W3C Recommendation on 13 December 2012.[10]

WOFF 2.0 significantly improved compression efficiency compared to WOFF 1.0, primarily through the introduction of Brotli, a new byte-level compression algorithm developed by Jyrki Alakuijala and Zoltan Szabadka. Brotli's effectiveness led to its widespread adoption, notably for HTTP content encoding. WOFF 2.0 was standardized as a W3C Recommendation in March 2018,[11] with Google providing the reference implementation.[12]

Each version of the format has received the backing of many type foundries.[13]

Specification

WOFF is a wrapper containing SFNT-based fonts (TrueType or OpenType) that have been compressed using a WOFF-specific encoding tool so they can be embedded in a Web page.[14] WOFF Version 1 uses the widely available zlib compression (specifically, the compress2 function),[14] typically resulting in a file size reduction for TrueType files of over 40%.[15] Since OpenType CFF files (with PostScript glyph outlines) are already compressed, their reduction is typically smaller.[16]

Browser support

Major web browsers support WOFF:

WOFF 2.0 is supported in:

  • Google Chrome (since version 36),[27]
  • Edge (since version 14),[28]
  • Opera (since version 26),[29]
  • Firefox (since version 35)[30]
  • Safari (since version 10).[31]

Some browsers enforce a same-origin policy, preventing WOFF fonts from being used across different domains. This restriction is part of the CSS 3 Fonts module,[32] where it applies to all font formats and can be overridden by the server providing the font.

Some servers may require the manual addition of WOFF's MIME type to serve the files correctly.[33] Since February 2017, the proper MIME type is font/woff for WOFF 1.0 and font/woff2 for WOFF 2.0.[1][2] Prior to February 2017, the standard MIME type for WOFF 1.0 was application/font-woff, and some applications may still use the old type, though it is now deprecated.[1]

See also

References

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  1. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Media Types". IANA. 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
  2. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lilley, Chris (February 2017). "The "font" Top-Level Media Type". IETF. doi:10.17487/RFC8081. RFC 8081. Retrieved 2017-10-17. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kew (Mozilla), Jonathan; Leming (Type Supply), Tal; van Blokland (LettError), Erik (2009-10-23), WOFF File Format (draft of 2009-10-23), Mozilla Foundation, archived from the original on 2010-03-09, retrieved 2010-01-30
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.WOFF conversion reference code, archived from the original on October 7, 2016, retrieved May 8, 2016
  5. ^ WOFF File Format 1.0 Submission Request to W3C
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Galineau, Sylvain (2010-04-23), Meet WOFF, The Standard Web Font Format, Microsoft, archived from the original on 29 May 2010
  7. ^ Team Comment on "WOFF File Format 1.0" Submission
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.WOFF - Now loading fonts on websites, The H, 2010-07-28
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Buckler, Craig (2010-08-17), W3C Backs the WOFF WebFont Standard, SitePoint
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."WOFF File Format 1.0". www.w3.org. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  11. ^ W3C: WOFF File Format 2.0
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Reference WOFF2 generation code, retrieved May 8, 2016
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wardle, Tiffany (2009-07-16), "Most of the important foundries are supporting #webfont", Typegirl, retrieved 2010-02-05 – via tumblr
  14. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kew (Mozilla), Jonathan; Leming (Type Supply), Tal; van Blokland (LettError), Erik (2009-10-23), WOFF File Format (draft of 2009-10-23), Mozilla Foundation, archived from the original on 2010-03-09, retrieved 2010-01-30
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stefanov, Stoyan (2009-10-20), @font-face gzipping - take II, PHPied.com, retrieved 2010-01-30
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Typekit Blog | Type rendering: Font outlines and file formats".
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Shapiro, Melissa (2009-10-20), Mozilla Supports Web Open Font Format, Mozilla Foundation, retrieved 2010-02-05
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Colyer, Matt (2010-09-21), Typekit adds Chrome 6 WOFF support, Typekit
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hachamovitch, Dean (2010-06-23), HTML5, Native: Third IE9 Platform Preview Available for Developers, Microsoft
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.KDE SVN Revision 1088984, KDE Bugzilla, 2010-02-12, retrieved 2011-10-14
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.A first glimpse at Opera 11.10 "Barracuda", Opera Software, 2011-02-17, retrieved 2011-02-17
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Web specifications support in Opera Presto 2.7, Opera
  23. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Safari Features, Apple, 2011-06-06, retrieved 2011-10-14
  24. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Safari 5.1 Changelog, FileHippo.com, archived from the original on 2011-10-12, retrieved 2011-10-14
  25. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bug 38217 - [chromium] Add WOFF support, WebKit
  26. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bug 31302 - Add WOFF support for @font-face, WebKit
  27. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Chromium 36 Release Notes, Google
  28. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Speed up page load with WOFF 2.0 fonts in Microsoft Edge, Microsoft, 3 May 2016
  29. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Opera 26 Release Notes, Opera Software ASA
  30. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Firefox 35 Release Notes, Mozilla Developer Network
  31. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.What's new in Safari, Apple
  32. ^ CSS Fonts Module Level 3
  33. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Webfonts are not loading in Firefox". Fontspring. Retrieved 2013-01-01.

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