Saraveca language
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| Saraveca | |
|---|---|
| Sarave, Xaráy | |
| Native to | Bolivia |
| Region | Eastern lowlands |
| Ethnicity | Sarave(ca) |
| Extinct | after 1962 |
Arawakan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | sar |
| Glottolog | sara1331 |
| ELP | Template:Endangered Languages Project |
| Linguasphere | Template:Infobox language/lingualist |
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Saraveca (Xaray)[1] is an extinct Arawakan language once spoken in Bolivia by the Sarave. The language is known from about 400 words and a short text, and is closest to the Paresi language, spoken in Brazil.
Classification
Saraveca is closest linguistically to the still-spoken Paresi language of Brazil.[2] Its connection with the other languages of the Arawakan language family was first recognized by Daniel Garrison Brinton (1891).[3] It is rather divergent from the other Arawakan languages spoken in Bolivia.[4]
Geographical distribution
The language was spoken on the Rio Verde in Bolivia, "very close" to the Brazilian border.[4] To its northwest was the Tupian Warázu (Pauserna), to its west were the Paunaka and Paiconeca languages, to its south were the Kuruminaka, Curucaneca, and Chiquitano languages, and to its north and east were the Arawakan Paresi and Kabixi.[2]
History
By 1962, most of the Sarave people had switched to Chiquitano,[5] though they had been assimilating into local society since the 18th century.[4]
Documentation
The only documentation of Saraveca includes a "very short" text recorded by Hugh Weddell and published in 1851, a 23-word list recorded by Alcide d'Orbigny (1839),[2] and 400 or so words and phrases compiled by Georges de Crequi-Montfort and Paul Rivet (1913), as well as unpublished materials, including those gathered by Johann Natterer (152 words) and Fuß (25 words).[4]
Vocabulary
Numbers
It is said to be the only language with a numeral system based exclusively on five.[6][7]
| Number | Saraveca |
|---|---|
| one | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| two | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| three | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| four | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| five | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ten | Script error: No such module "Lang".[a] |
| twenty-five | Script error: No such module "Lang".[b] |
According to d'Orbigny, some of these numerals correspond to the words for fingers:[2]
| gloss | Saraveca |
|---|---|
| thumb | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| index | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| middle | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| ring | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
| little | Script error: No such module "Lang". |
He also gives an alternative word for 'thumb', Script error: No such module "Lang"..[2]
Sample text
The Saraveka text collected by Weddell is presented below, with interlinear glosses provided by Crequi-Montfort and Rivet (1913).[2] Template:InterlinearTemplate:InterlinearTemplate:Interlinear
Notes
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References
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Godoy, Gustavo; Balykova, Kristina (2023-11-30). "Multilingual Pantanal and its decay". Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America. 19 (2): 272–293. doi:10.70845/2572-3626.1362. ISSN 2572-3626.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.de Créqui-Montfort, G.; Rivet, P. (1913). "Linguistique Bolivienne. La Langue Saraveka". Journal de la Société des américanistes. 10: 497–540. ISSN 0037-9174.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Brinton, Daniel Garrison (1901). The American race: a linguistic classification and ethnographic description of the native tribes of North and South America. University of California Libraries. Philadelphia, D. McKay.
- ^ a b c d Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Danielsen, Swintha (January 2013). "Evaluating historical data (wordlists) in the case of bolivian extinct languages". STUF - Language Typology and Universals. 66 (3). doi:10.1524/stuf.2013.0014. ISSN 2196-7148.
- ^ Saraveca language at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013) Closed access icon
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Numerals and numeral systems | Examples & Symbols | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2025-01-01.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wells, David (1997). The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin UK. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-14-026149-3.
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