Zhangpu County
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Zhangpu County
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| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Fujian |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhangzhou |
| Area | |
• County | Script error: No such module "ConvertIB". |
| Population (2020) | Template:Fix comma category |
| Population (2020) | |
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| • Urban | Template:Fix comma category |
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| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
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Zhangpu County (Chinese: 漳浦; pinyin: Zhāngpǔ; Tâi-lô: Tsiunn-phóo; Zhangpu dialect: Tsiunn-phóu [t͡siũ⁵⁵⁻³³ pʰɔu⁵³]) is a county of Zhangzhou prefecture-level city in far southern Fujian province, People's Republic of China with a population of 847,535 (2020 census).[1] The county seat is located in the town of Sui'an (Script error: No such module "Lang".).
Zhangpu is bordered by the Longhai City in the north, the counties of Pinghe and Yunxiao in the west, and the Taiwan Strait in the south and east.
Administration
Besides Sui'an, Zhangpu oversees 16 other towns (Script error: No such module "Lang".):
- Fotan (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Chihu (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Jiuzhen (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Duxun (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Xuemei (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Gongfu (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Changqiao (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Qianting (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Shentu (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Pantuo (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Maping (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Shiliu (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Shaxi (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Da'nanban (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Liu'ao (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
- Gulei (Script error: No such module "Lang".)
The last two (Liu'ao and Gulei) share names with the long peninsulas where they are situated, which project into the Taiwan Strait to form large bays.
There are also four townships (Script error: No such module "Lang".): Nanpu (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Chitu (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Huxi (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and Chiling (Script error: No such module "Lang".). The latter two are protected ethnic (minority) townships (Script error: No such module "Lang".), both for the She people.
Transportation
The major Shenyang–Haikou coastal expressway cuts through the county, keeping about midway between the coast and the old China National Highway 324.
The Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway runs through Zhangpu County; its Zhangpu Railway Station is located a few kilometers to the west of the county seat.
Historical sites
In Huxi She Township (Script error: No such module "Lang".) there is a fortified compound called Zhaojiabao (Script error: No such module "Lang".), where a party of Southern Song royals in flight from the Mongol invaders of the late 13th century are said to have taken up a residence long in term and low in profile. With the Ming restoration of Han Chinese ethnic supremacy to the empire some ninety years and five generations later, the Zhao family (Script error: No such module "Lang".) revealed their pedigree and the compound received its current name.[citation needed]
Zhaojiabao has its own exit right on the Shenyang—Haikou expressway, about 40 minutes south of downtown Zhangzhou (i.e. of Zhangzhou' central urban district, Xiangcheng).
Another fortified compound, Yianbao (Script error: No such module "Lang".), dating from the Kangxi era (1687) is located in the same Huxi She Autonomous Township as well.
The ruins of the Liu'ao Fortress (Template:Zh, or Template:Zh) are located near the tip of the Liu'ao Peninsula. The fortress - a contemporary of the better known (and much better preserved - or restored) Chongwu Fortress in Hui'an County - was constructed in 1388 by the Hongwu Emperor's general Zhou Dexing.[2]
Zhangpu Confucian Temple, built in 1070 and reconstructed in 1369, is listed among the sixth batch of "Major National Historical and Cultural Sites in Fujian".
Fujian tulou
Although most of the famous Fujian tulou are located in Fujian's interior (Nanjing County, Yongding County, and surrounding areas), there are also a few tulou structures in Zhangpu County. According to a 2001 survey of Fujian's tulou, out of the province's 3733 tulou known to the researchers, 125 were located within Zhangpu County. Among them were 60 round tulou (out of the total of 1193 such structures in the province), 48 rectangular ones, and 17 of other types.[4]
A characteristic feature of the tulou of Zhangpu County (and of the coastal Fujian in general) was the use of granite blocks for the lower part of the wall, as opposed to boulders/cobblestones which were used for a similar purpose in Fujian's interior.[5]
Although the local folk tradition may claim greater antiquity for some tulou elsewhere, several of the oldest tulou whose age is documented are located in Zhangpu county. According to Huang Hanmin, the oldest currently known construction date for any of China's tulou is 1558 - which is the date (Year 37 of the Jiajing era) that appears above the main gate of Yidelou (Script error: No such module "Lang".), a rectangular tulou in Makeng Village (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Sui'an Town, Zhangpu County.[6] It is a three-storey rectangular compound with walls 1.3 m thick; the compound is surrounded by an elliptic wall 1.6 m tall. It was damaged by bombs dropped from a Japanese aircraft in 1934.[6]
Several more tulou of comparable age (all of them of the rectangular type) are found within Zhangpu County as well. Merely two years "younger" than Yidelou is another three-storey rectangular tulou, Yiyanlou (Script error: No such module "Lang".), located in Guotian Village (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of Xiamei Town (Script error: No such module "Lang".), Yiyan Lou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and dated 1560 (Jiajing 39) by a similar door inscription. In Yuntou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Village of the same town, Qingyunlou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is dated 1569 (Longqing 3).[6] Yanhailou (Script error: No such module "Lang".) in Tanzitou Village (Script error: No such module "Lang"., or Script error: No such module "Lang".), Jiu Town (Script error: No such module "Lang".) dates from 1585, and the construction of Wanbilou (Script error: No such module "Lang".), which is located inside the Zhaojiabao (see above) started in 1600.[6]
Out of the 56 "exemplary tulou" listed in Huang Hanmin's monograph, 6 are in Zhangpu County. One of them, Jinjiang Lou (Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.), located in Jinjiang village[7] of Shentu Town, was built in 1791-1803, and consists of 3 concentric rings. It is one of the few tulou located in the immediate proximity (a few kilometers) of Fujian's sea coast.[8][9]
Notable people
- Huang Daozhou, scholar and calligrapher during the Ming Dynasty
- Lin Hejie, painter
Climate
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Notes
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Zhāngpŭ Xiàn (County, China) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-10-30.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Yang Shuiming (杨水明). 六鳌古城：倾听历史的涛声 [The old Liu'ao Fortress: listening to the waves of history] (in 中文（简体）). Archived from the original on 2012-04-26. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
- ^ 漳浦行（三）深土镇的特色土楼 (Zhangpu trip (3): Shentu Town's peculiar tulou)
- ^ Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.. The data are from the table containing the results of a preliminary, but pretty detailed "census" of all extant tulou of Fujian, conducted by researchers and provincial authorities in 2001. The numbers don't include tulou ruins.
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- ^ The "natural" Jinjiang village is part of the "administrative village" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) of Jindong (Script error: No such module "Lang".), and it is the latter that's more often shown on maps (e.g., sogou.com).
- ^ 锦江楼[dead link] (Jinjiang Lou) Template:In lang
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- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in 中文（简体）). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Experience Template" 中国气象数据网 (in 中文（简体）). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
References
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.黄汉民, Huang Hanmin (2009), 福建土楼-中国传统民居的瑰宝 [Fujian Tulou: a jewel of China's traditional residential architecture] (in 中文), 三联书店 [Sanlian Books], ISBN 978-7-108-03175-4
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