Bugun
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| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 3,000 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| India (Arunachal Pradesh) | |
| Languages | |
| Bugun language | |
| Religion | |
| Animism, Hinduism, Christianity |
The Buguns (formerly Khowa) are one of the earliest recognized schedule tribes of India,[1][2] majority of them, inhabiting the Singchung Sub-Division of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh. Buguns live in several exogamous clans. Traditionally, the predominant occupation was agriculture, supported with other allied activities like fishing and hunting, cattle rearing etc. Buguns have their own folklore, songs, dances, music and rituals. A rare bird, the Bugun liocichla, was named after the tribe.
They live mainly in the subtropical Singchung Administrative Sub-Division of West Kameng district with its, almost whole, native population under 6-Thrizino-Buragaon ST Assembly Constituency of the state of Arunachal Pradesh.[3]
Language
The Bugun language, one of the Bugunish/Kamenic languages under Kho-Bwa languages, is considered endangered by UNESCO, with only around 10,000 speakers mainly concentrated in the Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh, India.[4]
Religion
The Buguns are traditionally followers of the animistic religion[5] However, the early 20th century witnessed the gradual penetration of some dominant religions like Buddhism (Mahayana), particularly from the neighbouring ethnic group Sherdukpen, and Hinduism. Some have come under Tibetan Buddhist influence. Profound Buddhist influence has led to the adoption of many Buddhist rituals and the invitation of Buddhist lamas to participate in their communal rituals.[2] As a result, many Buguns declared themselves as Buddhist in censuses.[6]
Pham Kho Sowai is the harvesting festival of the Buguns. It is now celebrated on a fixed date, starting on 10 September.[7]
References
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- ^ file:///http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule9a.htm Script error: No such module "webarchive". The constitution (schedule Tribes) Order, 1950
- ^ a b Tribes of India
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ram Kumar Deuri (1983). Festivals of Kameng. Directorate of Research, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh. p. 11.
- ^ The Kho-Bwa or Bugunish languages are a small family of Tibeto-Burman languages* spoken in India. They are Khowa (Bugun), Sulung (Puroik), Lishpa, and Sherdukpen. Van Driem (2001) suggested the name Kho-Bwa based on their words *kho 'fire' and *bwa 'water'.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dalvindar Singh Grewal (1997). Tribes of Arunachal Pradesh: Identity, Culture, and Languages. South Asia Publications. p. 53. ISBN 81-7433-019-4.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.William Carey Library (2004). Peoples of the Buddhist World: A Christian Prayer. South Asia Publications. p. 135. ISBN 0-87808-361-8.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bugun community celebrate Pham Kho-Sowail | The Arunachal Times". 14 September 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
External links
- Endangered Languages
- Tribal Village Councils of Arunachal Pradesh
- LINGUISTIC AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL RESOURCES FOR THE BUGUN
- Trip Report : Eastern Himalayas (including Eagle's Nest Wildlife Sanctuary)
- Ethnologue profile
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