Cassandre

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Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron
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Cassandre in 1967
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Kharkov, Kharkov Governorate, Russian Empire
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Paris, France
OccupationTemplate:Pluralize from textPainter, commercial poster artist, typeface designer
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Cassandre, pseudonym of Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron[1] (24 January 1901 – 17 June 1968), was a French painter, commercial poster artist, and typeface designer.[2][3]

Early life and career

He was born Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron to French parents in Kharkov, the capital of Kharkov Governorate in the Russian Empire and located in the historical region of Sloboda Ukraine.[4][5] As a young man, he moved to Paris, where he studied at the École des Beaux-Arts and at the Académie Julian. The popularity of posters as advertising afforded him an opportunity to work for a Parisian printing house. Inspired by cubism as well as surrealism, he earned a reputation with works such as Bûcheron (Woodcutter), a poster created for a cabinetmaker that won first prize at the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes.

Cassandre became successful enough that with the help of partners he was able to set up his own advertising agency called Alliance Graphique, serving a wide variety of clients during the 1930s. He is perhaps best known for his posters advertising travel, for clients such as the Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits.[6] He was a pioneer of airbrush arts.

His creations for the Dubonnet wine company were among the first posters designed in a manner that allowed them to be seen by occupants in moving vehicles. His posters are memorable for their innovative graphic solutions and their frequent denotations to such painters as Max Ernst and Pablo Picasso. In addition, he taught graphic design at the École des Arts Décoratifs and then at the École d'Art Graphique.

With typography an important part of poster design, the company created several new typeface styles. Cassandre developed Bifur in 1929, the sans serif Acier Noir in 1935, and in 1937 an all-purpose font called Peignot. In 1936, his works were exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City which led to commissions from Harper's Bazaar to do cover designs.

Later career

Poster of Etoile Du Nord in a workroom

With the onset of World War II, Cassandre served in the French army until the fall of France. His business long gone, he survived by creating stage sets and costumes for the theatre, something he had dabbled in during the 1930s.[7] After the war, he continued this line of work while also returning to easel painting. He worked with several famous French fashion houses, designing playing cards and scarves for Hermès[8] and the well-known Yves Saint Laurent logo.

In his later years, Cassandre suffered from bouts of depression prior to his suicide in Paris in June 1968.[4] He was buried in the Parisian Montparnasse Cemetery (8th division).

In 1985, his son Henri Mouron published a study of his father's work in a book titled A.M. Cassandre.[9]

Typeface designs

Longside his poster work, Cassandre designed[10] several typefaces issued by the Deberny & Peignot foundry: Bifur in 1929, a display face with a reduced geometric structure intended for advertising headlines; Acier in 1930; and Peignot in 1937, the latter used for the official communications of the 1937 Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris.[11][12]

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Notable poster designs

Opening of the decor and poster exhibition by A. M. Cassandre at the Rijksacademie, Amsterdam, 1967
  • Nord Express, 1927[13]
  • Etoile Du Nord, 1927[14]
  • La Route Bleue, 1929[15]
  • Chemin De Fer Du Nord, 1929[16]
  • L’ Atlantique, 1931[17]
  • Triplex, 1930[18]
  • Dubonnet, 1932[19]
  • Normandie, 1935[20]

References

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  1. ^ Template:In lang Notice d'autorité personne : Cassandre, BnF, according to the international pseudonym convention described in the BnF authority file.
  2. ^ http://www.brainpickings.org/index.php/2013/01/24/cassandre/ Script error: No such module "webarchive". Brainpickings - Cassandre, accessdate on 27 January 2013
  3. ^ Benezit Dictionary of Artists
  4. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.O'Mahony, Niamh. "Adolphe Mouron Cassandre (1901-1968)". Retrieved 7 August 2009.
  5. ^ (ru)Great Russian Encyclopedia Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  6. ^ See images at Moma.org
  7. ^ Archives du spectacle
  8. ^ The World of Playing Cards
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mouron, Henri (1985). A. M. Cassandre. Translated by Michael Taylor. Rizzoli. ISBN 0-8478-0651-0.
  10. ^ Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983, Template:ISBN, p. 2408-249
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mouron, Henri (1985). A. M. Cassandre. Affiches, arts graphiques, théâtre. Paris: Skira.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jubert, Roxane (2005). Typography and Graphic Design — from antiquity to the present. Paris: Flammarion.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Museum, Victoria and Albert. "Nord Express | Cassandre, Adolphe Mouron | V&A Explore The Collections". Victoria and Albert Museum: Explore the Collections. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. Étoile du Nord. 1927 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. La Route Bleu, Londres-Paris-Côte D'Azur en Autocars de Luxe. 1929 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. Chemin De Fer Du Nord - Vitesse-Luxe-Confort. 1929 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."L'atlantique, 1931 - Cassandre - WikiArt.org". www.wikiart.org. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. Triplex (Poster for a safety glass manufacturer). 1930 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. Dubonnet, Vin Tonique au Quinquina. 1932 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."A. M. Cassandre. Normandie. 1935 | MoMA". The Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 6 May 2022.

Other sources

  • Robert K. Brown, Susan Reinhold: The poster art of A. M. Cassandre. - New York: Dutton, 1979
  • Henri Mouron: A. M. Cassandre : affiches, arts graph., théâtre. - München: Schirmer/Mosel, 1985
    published in English as Cassandre : Posters, Typography, Stage Designs - London: Thames and Hudson, 1986 (Template:ISBN)

Further reading

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