Devuan

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Devuan
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Devuan with its default XFCE desktop running on a virtual machine (2023-08)
DeveloperVeteran Unix Admins[1]
OS familyUnix-like (Linux kernel)
Working stateCurrent
Source modelOpen source
Initial releaseMay 3, 2016; 10 years ago (2016-05-03)[2]
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RepositoryPage Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
Package managerAPT (dpkg)
Supported platformsi386, amd64, ARM, ppc64el
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux kernel)
UserlandGNU
Default
user interface		Xfce
LicenseVarious open source licenses[note 1]
Official websitewww.devuan.org

Devuan is an open source, Debian-based Linux distribution that aims to maintain compatibility with other init systems and avoid lock-in by systemd. Devuan offers sysvinit, runit or OpenRC as alternatives to systemd.[3][4][5][6]

History

With the release of Debian 8, some developers and users felt alienated due to the project's adoption of systemd and subsequent removal of support for other existing init systems.[7] This decision prompted some Debian community members to start a fork of Debian without systemd.[8]

Instead of continuing the Debian practice of using Toy Story character names as release codenames,[9] Devuan aliases its releases using minor planet names. The first stable release shared the Debian 8 codename Jessie. However, the Devuan release was named for minor planet 10464.[10]

The first stable release of Devuan was published on May 25, 2017.[11][12][13]

Devuan 2.0.0 ASCII was released on June 9, 2018, and 2.1 ASCII was released on November 21, 2019. ASCII provides a choice of five different desktop environments at install time (XFCE, Cinnamon, KDE, LXQt, MATE), while many other window managers are available from the repositories. It also provides installation options for choosing between sysvinit and OpenRC for init, and between GRUB and LILO for the boot loader. Devuan maintains a modified version of the Debian expert text installer, which has the ability to install only free software if the user chooses, while the live desktop image also uses a custom graphical installer from Refracta, a derivative of Devuan.[14]

Devuan 3.0 Beowulf was released on June 3, 2020, based on Debian 10.4. Ppc64el has been added to the list of supported architectures. Runit is now available as an alternative init. Eudev and elogind are now used to replace some Systemd functionality.[15]

Devuan 4.0 Chimaera was released on October 14, 2021. It is based on Debian Bullseye (11.1) with Linux kernel 5.10.

Devuan 5.0 Daedalus was released on August 15, 2023. It is based on Debian Bookworm (12.1) with Linux kernel 6.1.

Devuan 6.0 Excalibur was released on November 2, 2025. It is based on Debian Trixie (13) with Linux kernel 6.12.

Packages

Devuan has its own package repository which mirrors upstream Debian,[16] with local modifications made only when needed to allow for init systems other than systemd. Devuan does not provide systemd in its repositories but still retains libsystemd0 until it has removed all dependencies.

Amprolla is the program used to merge Debian packages with Devuan packages. It downloads packages from Debian and merges changes to packages that Devuan overrides.[17] According to Repology[18] the number of packages in Devuan 4.0 is less but close to Debian Stable (13); the Devuan unstable is almost identical to Debian unstable in terms of the number of packages.

Derivatives

In August 2022, Peppermint OS announced the release of Devuan-based ISOs, alongside their Debian-based ISOs.[19]

Exe GNU/Linux is a Devuan derivative (since 2017) featuring the Trinity Desktop Environment and another LXDE version.[20]

Star is another Devuan-based Linux distribution featuring several lightweight window managers, such as Openbox, Fluxbox, JWM, and i3.[21]

Version history

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Version Codename Codebase Release date End of support
Unsupported: 1Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Jessie Debian 8 "Jessie" May 25, 2017 June 30, 2020
Unsupported: 2Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. ASCII Debian 9 "Stretch" June 9, 2018 July 1, 2022
Unsupported: 3Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Beowulf Debian 10 "Buster" June 3, 2020 June 30, 2024
Supported: 4Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Chimaera Debian 11 "Bullseye" October 14, 2021 August 31, 2026
Supported: 5Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Daedalus Debian 12 "Bookworm" August 14, 2023 June 30, 2028
Latest version: 6Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Excalibur Debian 13 "Trixie" November 2, 2025 TBA
Preview version: 7Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Freia Debian 14 "Forky" TBA TBA
Future version: 8Page Template:Version/styles.css has no content. Gryphon Debian 15 "Duke" TBA TBA
unstable Ceres Debian "Sid" Rolling release
Legend:
Unsupported
Supported
Latest version
Preview version
Future version

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Source:[22]

Notes

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  1. ^ Due to Devuan being based on Debian, most (if not all) Open Source software is probably available under DFSG compatible licenses.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Devuan development team". Retrieved June 4, 2020..
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Darvell, James (May 3, 2016). "Devuan Beta Release". Linux Journal. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hoffman, Chris (December 3, 2014). "Meet Devuan, the Debian fork born from a bitter systemd revolt". PCWorld. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larabel, Michael (November 28, 2014). "Devuan: Debian Without Systemd". Phoronix. Retrieved December 14, 2014.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larabel, Michael (December 23, 2014). "Devuan Is Still Moving Along As A Debian Fork Without Systemd". Phoronix. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sharwood, Simon (December 1, 2014). "systemd row ends with Debian getting forked". The Register. Archived from the original on December 1, 2014. Retrieved December 13, 2014.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wise, Paul (April 26, 2015). "Debian 8 'Jessie' released". debian-announce (Mailing list). Retrieved April 26, 2015.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Stahie, Silviu (November 28, 2014). "Fork Debian Project Announces the Systemd-less OS Devuan". Softpedia. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Debian FAQ Authors (May 1, 2015). "What are all those names like etch, lenny, etc.?". The Debian GNU/Linux FAQ. Archived from the original on July 11, 2015. Retrieved June 17, 2015.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Devuan GNU+Linux Release Codenames". devuan.org. January 1, 2020. Retrieved January 1, 2020.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Devuan Jessie 1.0.0 stable release (LTS)". devuan.org. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith, Jesse (June 5, 2017). "Devuan 1.0.0 -- Debian without systemd". distrowatch.com. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Larabel, Michael. "Devuan 1.0 Officially Released – Letting Debian Live Without Systemd". Phoronix. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Devuan Chimaera 4.0 stable release". devuan.org. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kumar, Sarvottam (June 3, 2020). "Devuan Beowulf 3.0.0 Released: A GNU+Linux Debian Without Systemd". fossbytes.com. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Devuan build system overview". devuan.org. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2015.
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."amprolla3". devuan.org. Retrieved November 4, 2025.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Repository statistics". repology.org. Retrieved November 4, 2024.
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dickson, Joseph (August 2, 2022). "Peppermint OS Releases for 08-02-2022 – Peppermint OS". peppermint.os. Retrieved August 23, 2022.
  20. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Exe GNU/Linux". distrowatch.com. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Star". distrowatch.com. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  22. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Devuan releases". devuan.org. Retrieved November 4, 2025.

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