Fermont
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Fermont | |
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| Ville de Fermont | |
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| Country | Canada |
| Province | Quebec |
| Region | Côte-Nord |
| RCM | Caniapiscau |
| Settled | 1971 |
| Constituted | October 15, 1974 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Martin St-Laurent |
| • Federal riding | Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan |
| • Prov. riding | Duplessis |
| Area | |
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| Population | |
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| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | |
| Template:Pluralize from text | 418 and 581Template:Pluralize from text |
| Highways | Template:Jct |
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Fermont (/ˈfɛərmɒnt/;[5] Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a mining city in Côte-Nord region, Quebec, Canada, near the Quebec-Labrador border about 23 kilometres (14 mi) from Labrador City on Route 389, which connects to the Trans-Labrador Highway (Newfoundland and Labrador Route 500). It is the seat of the Regional County Municipality of Caniapiscau.
The city is located about 565 km (351 mi) from Baie-Comeau, about 867 km (539 mi) from Saguenay, and about 1,000 km (621 mi) from Quebec City.
Fermont (French contraction of "Fer Mont", meaning "Iron Mountain") was founded as a company town in the early 1970s to exploit rich iron ore deposits from Mont Wright, which is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) to the west.
The town is notable for the huge self-contained structure containing apartments, stores, schools, bars, a hotel, restaurants, a supermarket and swimming pool; the large building shelters a community of smaller apartment buildings and homes on its leeward side. Popularly known as The Wall (Le Mur), the structure was designed to be a windscreen to the rest of the town. It permits residents (other than mine workers) to never leave the building during the long winter, which usually lasts about seven months. The town, designed by Maurice Desnoyers and Norbert Schoenauer, was inspired by similar projects in Sweden designed by Ralph Erskine, notably that of Svappavaara, an iron mining town in Sweden. The building measures 1.3 kilometres (4,300 ft) long [6] and stands 15 metres (49 ft) high.[7]
History
Following the depletion of the Jeannine Lake Mine at Gagnon in the late 1960s, the Québec Cartier Mining Company began to develop the Mont Wright Mine. This was a large-scale project that involved mining, processing, and transporting iron ore. Some 1,600 employees would be needed, and the town of Fermont was constructed to house them and their families. By the end of 1972, the first people settled there. The same year, the Fermont post office opened, and in 1974, the place was incorporated as Ville de Fermont.[1][8] The town, mine and wall were featured in the television crime drama series La Faille (2019).[9]
Geography
Fermont is settled about 30 km (18 mi) from Labrador City, about 565 km (351 mi) from Baie-Comeau, and about 550 km (341 mi) from Happy Valley-Goose Bay. Fermont is in an area of rounded hills and flat areas with peat bogs, wetlands and many lakes and small streams. The valleys show the influence of glacial action and contain undifferentiated glacial till and fluvioglacial deposits of sand and gravel.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. Lake Perchard, to the north of Fermont, supplies the town with drinking water.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. The Fermont waste water treatment plant discharges through lakes Daviault and Sans-Nom into Carheil Lake, in the Moisie River watershed.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found. In April 2011 it was reported that water management experts in Sept-Îles were concerned about cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, that had been found in Carheil Lake and had potential to further affect the Moisie River. The bloom was due to phosphorus discharge from the treatment plant, which has since been reduced.Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Footnotes/anchor_id_list' not found.
Climate
Fermont has a harsh subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) with long, severe winters and short, mild summers. Although overall not as heavy as in most other parts of the Labrador Peninsula, snowfall is still heavy at around 2.9 metres (114.2 in) and average maximum depth of 85 centimetres (33.46 in) which is actually deeper than some other North Shore locations with heavier snowfall like Sept-Îles. Script error: No such module "weather box".
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Fermont had a population of 2,256 living in 976 of its 1,538 total private dwellings, a change of Script error: No such module "Percentage". from its 2016 population of 2,474. With a land area of 451.12 km2 (174.18 sq mi), it had a population density of Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sortkey' not found. in 2021.[3]
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| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,256 (-8.8% from 2016) | 2,474 (-13.9% from 2011) | 2,874 (+9.2% from 2006) |
| Land area | 451.12 km2 (174.18 sq mi) | 476.89 km2 (184.13 sq mi) | 470.67 km2 (181.73 sq mi) |
| Population density | 5.0/km2 (13/sq mi) | 5.2/km2 (13/sq mi) | 6.1/km2 (16/sq mi) |
| Median age | 34.0 (M: 34.8, F: 32.8) | 35.0 (M: 35.6, F: 34.3) | 34.7 (M: 35.5, F: 33.2) |
| Private dwellings | 1,538 (total) 976 (occupied) | 1,638 (total) | 1,221 (total) |
| Median household income | $172,000 | $146,560 | $113,774 |
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Historical Census Data - Fermont, Quebec | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: Statistics Canada[15] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Languages
| Canada Census Mother Tongue - Fermont, Quebec[15] | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Total | French
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English
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French & English
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Other
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| Year | Responses | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | Count | Trend | Pop % | |||||
2016
|
2,475
|
2,410 |  13.9%
|
97.37% | 30 | 25.0%
|
1.21% | 15 |  50.0%
|
0.61% | 20 |  0.0%
|
0.81% | |||||
2011
|
2,870
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2,800 | 9.8%
|
97.56% | 40 | 33.3%
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1.39% | 10 | 0.0%
|
0.35% | 20 | 0.0%
|
0.70% | |||||
2006
|
2,640
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2,550 | 10.1%
|
96.59% | 60 | 20.0%
|
2.27% | 10 | 0.0%
|
0.38% | 20 | 0.0%
|
0.76% | |||||
2001
|
2,915
|
2,835 | 7.8%
|
97.26% | 50 | 28.6%
|
1.72% | 10 | 33.3%
|
0.34% | 20 | 50.0%
|
0.69% | |||||
1996
|
3,200
|
3,075 | n/a | 98.75% | 70 | n/a | 0.69% | 15 | n/a | 0.33% | 40 | n/a | 0.23% | |||||
Economy
The local economy is entirely dependent on the Mont Wright and Fire Lake mines owned by ArcelorMittal.[16] Over 80% of municipal revenues come from mining operations.[1]
Average earnings for full-time workers was $63,982 in 2001, compared to $39,217 in Quebec as a whole.[17] This went up to $70,102 in 2006, whereas the provincial average dropped to $37,722.[18]
The mine product is shipped to Port-Cartier on the Cartier Railway where it is converted to pellets. In 2006, the mine was affected by a labour dispute which lasted from early April to early June. It was amicably resolved with a six-year contract renewal.[19]
Because of the town's disproportionately high number of (relatively prosperous) men compared to women and the few entertainment options in Fermont's climate, the adult entertainment industry is extremely lucrative in Fermont; as such, strippers can make a substantial amount of money for their profession.[20]
Local government
The city council is composed of a mayor and six city councillors. As of October 2020[update], the mayor is Martin St-Laurent. The councillors are Bernard Dupont, Danny Bouchard, Cindy Vignola, Marco Ouellet, Daniel Bergeron, and Shannon Power.[21]
List of former mayors:
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- Robin Bélanger (...–2003)
- Lise Pelletier (2003–2013)
- Martin St-Laurent (2014–present)
Transportation
The Trans-Quebec–Labrador Route (route 389 on the Quebec side and route 500 on the Labrador side) is the only road access to Fermont. Route 389 begins in Baie-Comeau and goes north along the Manicouagan Reservoir.
The town is accessible by scheduled passenger airline service via the Wabush Airport; it is located in Labrador West.
The Cartier Railway connects Port-Cartier to the Mont-Wright min. However, it is only used for transporting iron ore concentrate and bulk equipment. The train no longer carries passengers.
See also
References
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- ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fermont (Ville)" (in français). Commission de toponymie du Québec. Archived from the original on 2012-05-23. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
- ^ a b Template:Mamh
- ^ a b c Script error: No such module "cite".
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fermont, Quebec [Population centre] Census Profile". 2021 Census of Population. Government of Canada - Statistics Canada. 9 February 2022. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.The Canadian Press (2017), The Canadian Press Stylebook (18th ed.), Toronto: The Canadian Press
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Windscreen (from Caniapiscau)". Archived from the original on 2006-04-21. Retrieved 2006-06-24.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Mur-écran - Mcr de Caniapiscau". Archived from the original on 2022-02-19. Retrieved 2022-02-19.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Portrait de Fermont - Histoire" (in français). CLD de la MRC de Caniapiscau. Archived from the original on 2010-10-15. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Delecroix, Sébastien (April 26, 2020). "The Wall, la série qui fait froid dans le dos arrive sur 13ème Rue" [The Wall, the Chilling Series Arrives on 13th Street]. actus.sfr.fr (in français). Archived from the original on November 19, 2022. Retrieved November 19, 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fermont, Quebec". Quebec Climate Normals 1981–2010 (in French). Ministère de l’Environnement Québec. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fermont, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1971–2000 (in English and French). Environment Canada. Retrieved February 2, 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved 2023-10-19.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved 2017-11-23.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
- ^ a b 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 census
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Socio-economic profile CÔTE-NORD". Archived from the original on 2006-07-19. Retrieved 2006-06-24.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Statistics Canada Community Profile". Retrieved 2006-06-24.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Statistics Canada 2006 Census - Fermont community profile Script error: No such module "webarchive".
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Cartier Mining press release". Archived from the original on 2006-03-12. Retrieved 2006-06-24.
- ^ Sunderland, Mitchell (January 3, 2015). Life as a Stripper in a Subarctic Indoor Mining Town . Vice Media, LLC. Retrieved June 14, 2015.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Conseil municipal - Municipalité de Fermont". www.villedefermont.qc.ca. Archived from the original on 2020-10-25. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
Sources
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- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.La santé du lac Carheil inquiète les spécialistes (in français), Radio-Canada, 29 April 2011, archived from the original on 2019-09-22, retrieved 2019-09-22
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Luce, Myriam; Ibrahim, Ghassen; Bourdon, Philippe (November 2011), Cyanobactéries aux lacs Davioult, Sans Nom et Carheil (PDF) (Étude partielle) (in français), OBV Duplessis, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-10, retrieved 2019-09-22
- Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Portrait diagnostique de la problématique des cyanobactéries - bassin versant du lac Carheil (PDF) (in français), OBV Duplessis, April 2015, archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-10, retrieved 2019-09-22
External links
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- City of Fermont official site Template:In lang
- Official tourism site
- Map
- Additional photos
- Original site plan by Norbert Schoenauer
- Preparatory drawings and photographs during the development phase (Schoenauer papers at McGill).
- Documentary about innovative community design which features Fermont as an example
- Mur-Écran, The Windscreen on the CBC's Ideas.
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