Floorwork

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description In dance, floorwork refers to movements performed on the floor. Floorwork is used extensively in modern dance, particularly Graham technique, Hawkins technique, and breakdancing.[1] Some dance training practices, notably Floor-Barre, consist entirely of floorwork.[2]

Floorwork changes the body's relationship with gravity, and requires dancers to navigate between higher and lower levels ("going in and out of the floor"). These features are central to the use of floorwork in choreography, and also affect its role in technique classes.[2] Executing floorwork smoothly requires flexible joints, a relaxed body, and attention to the kinesthetic feedback provided by the floor.[3]

The "low" or floorwork level is one of three principal spatial levels dancers may occupy, along with the middle or bipedestrian (upright) and the high or aerial (jumping) levels.[4]

Concert dance

A man, wearing only a dance belt, supporting himself off the ground on one arm and both feet while lifting a fist
Floorwork in a contemporary ballet variation

The use of floorwork is one of the major differences between modern dance and previous Western concert dance genres.[5] Isadora Duncan incorporated floorwork in dances as early as 1911, although credit for its introduction is more often given to her successor Martha Graham.[6] The concept is closely associated with Graham technique, because of Graham's extensive use of floorwork and widely imitated innovations, as well as the technique's unique repertoire of falls.[7] Doris Humphrey has been credited with floorwork innovations in a concert dance context.[2]

Later movements derived from classical modern dance also used floorwork extensively.[8] Contemporary ballet uses the floor as an integral part of the choreography, rather than the occasional kneel or collapse to be found in older romantic ballet styles.[9] Floorwork is essential in the postmodern genre of contact improvisation, in which the floor can even be treated as a partner.[10]

B-boying

a dancer rolls on the ground with their legs extended and whirling in the air, then tucks their legs and spins on their back
Stabbed windmills, a floor-based power move

Floorwork in b-boying (breakdancing) includes floor-based footwork, or downrock, as well as certain more athletic power moves.[11][12][13] Downrock is performed with the body supported on the hands and feet.[11] It allows the dancer to display their proficiency with foot speed and control by performing intricate footwork combinations.[11][12] The foundational move of downrock is the 6-step, although innumerable variants exist.[12] The hands, legs and knees may also be featured or support the body.[13][12]

Downrock often leads to dramatic power moves, including floor-based moves such as windmills and flares.[12]

Downrock became common in the mid-1970s. Keith and Kevin Smith, known as the "Nigga Twinz", have been credited with popularizing it,[14] as has the original Rock Steady Crew.[13] The emergence of floorwork was an important development in breaking, marking the end of the early "old-school" style.[12]

Belly dance

a woman in an elaborate red costume lies on her back with her legs folded under her, her arms above her head, and a sword balanced on her torso
Belly dance floorwork, using a sword as a prop

Floorwork is a feature of many kinds of belly dance, often involving the manipulation of a prop while lying on the floor and intended to showcase the dancer's control. Masha Archer, as part of an effort to change what she saw as the over-sexualized and exploitative features of belly dance, rejected floorwork because she did not want audiences to look down on her dancers.[15]

References

Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.

  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Franklin, Eric N. (2013). Dance Imagery for Technique and Performance (2nd ed.). Human Kinetics. pp. 131 et seqq. ISBN 9780873229432. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
  2. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Erkert, J. (2003). Harnessing the Wind: The Art of Teaching Modern Dance. Human Kinetics. p. 42. ISBN 978-0-7360-4487-5.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Whittenburg, Zachary (30 June 2016). "Friends with the Floor". Dance Magazine. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2016.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Castaño, Marta (2009). "Identifying and analyzing motor skill responses in body movement and dance" (PDF). Behavior Research Methods. 41 (3): 857–867. doi:10.3758/brm.41.3.857. PMID 19587202.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Thomas, Helen (2003). The Body, Dance and Cultural Theory. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 112. ISBN 978-1-137-48777-3.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Preston, C.J. (2014). Modernism's Mythic Pose: Gender, Genre, Solo Performance. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. p. 158 and note 56, p. 297. ISBN 978-0-19-938458-7.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Clarke, M.; Vaughan, D. (1977). The Encyclopedia of dance & ballet. Pitman. pp. 159–160. ISBN 9780273010883.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bannerman, Henrietta (2010). "A question of somatics the search for a common framework for twenty-first-century contemporary dance pedagogy: Graham and Release-based techniques". Journal of Dance and Somatic Practices. 2 (1): 5–19. doi:10.1386/jdsp.2.1.5_1.
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Scheff, H.; Sprague, M.; McGreevy-Nichols, S. (2010). Exploring Dance Forms and Styles: A Guide to Concert, World, Social, and Historical Dance. Human Kinetics. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7360-8023-1.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Novack, C.J. (1990). Sharing the Dance: Contact Improvisation and American Culture. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0-299-12444-1.
  11. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Smith, J.C. (2010). "Break Dancing". Encyclopedia of African American Popular Culture. ABC-CLIO. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-313-35797-8.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marylou, K. (2014). Trends in Hip-Hop Dance. Mitchell Lane Publishers. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-61228-595-5.
  13. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jírová, Olga (2012). Hip hop in American Culture (PDF) (B. A.). Palacky University. Retrieved 26 July 2016.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Christopher A.; Ferrell, Rebecca A. "Hip Hop" (PDF). Dance Heritage Coalition. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2015.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Connover, Georgia (2013). "Mediating the Other Through Dance: Geopolitics, Social Ordering, and Meaning-Making in American and Improvisational Tribal Style Dance". In Pine, A.M. (ed.). Geographies of Dance: Body, Movement, and Corporeal Negotiations. Lexington Books. p. 123. ISBN 978-0-7391-7185-1.

Further reading

Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Guest, A.H.; Kolff, J. (2003). Floorwork, Basic Acrobatics. Advanced Labanotation. Dance Books. ISBN 978-1-85273-093-2.

Retrieved from "http://cosmopedia.co/index.php?title=Floorwork&oldid=14102253"