Foreign relations of Madagascar

Template:Short description Madagascar has diplomatic relations with many countries, both individual bilateral relations and by virtue of its membership of African and other regional blocs. International aid has been received from the IMF and the World Bank, and a national environmental plan supported by the World Bank and USAID began in 1990.

Regional relations

Madagascar historically has remained outside the mainstream of African affairs, although it is a member of the Indian Ocean Commission, the African Union, although its membership is suspended due to a coup, the Port Management Association of Eastern and Southern Africa (PMAESA), and the Non-Aligned Movement. Madagascar was admitted to the Southern African Development Community in 2004.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Madagascar maintains diplomatic relations with:

File:Diplomatic relations of Madagascar.svg
#	Country	Date
1	France	Template:Dts
2	India	Template:Dts
3	United States	Template:Dts
4	Germany	Template:Dts
5	United Kingdom	Template:Dts
6	Israel	Template:Dts
7	Japan	Template:Dts
8	Panama	Template:Dts
9	Portugal	Template:Dts
10	Norway	Template:Dts
11	Netherlands	Template:Dts
12	Italy	Template:Dts
14	Switzerland	Template:Dts
15	Sweden	Template:Dts
14	Greece	Template:Dts
16	South Korea	Template:Dts
17	Pakistan	Template:Dts
18	Turkey	Template:Dts
19	Algeria	Template:Dts
20	Belgium	Template:Dts
21	Denmark	Template:Dts
22	Canada	Template:Dts
23	Spain	Template:Dts
24	Sierra Leone	Template:Dts
—	Holy See	Template:Dts
25	Luxembourg	Template:Dts
26	Austria	Template:Dts
27	Mauritius	Template:Dts
28	Romania	Template:Dts
29	Tunisia	Template:Dts
30	Egypt	Template:Dts
31	Serbia	Template:Dts
32	Nigeria	Template:Dts
33	Lesotho	Template:Dts
34	Chile	Template:Dts
35	Russia	Template:Dts
36	China	Template:Dts
37	North Korea	Template:Dts
38	Vietnam	Template:Dts
39	Tanzania	Template:Dts
40	Zambia	Template:Dts
41	Poland	Template:Dts
42	Kuwait	Template:Dts
43	Libya	Template:Dts
44	Cuba	Template:Dts
45	Democratic Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts
46	Australia	Template:Dts
47	Indonesia	Template:Dts
48	Mozambique	Template:Dts
49	Hungary	Template:Dts
50	Mexico	Template:Dts
51	Iraq	Template:Dts
52	Albania	Template:Dts
53	Czech Republic	Template:Dts
54	Bulgaria	Template:Dts
55	Comoros	Template:Dts
56	Finland	Template:Dts
57	Yemen	Template:Dts
58	Mongolia	Template:Dts
59	Laos	Template:Dts
60	Zimbabwe	Template:Dts
61	Iran	Template:Dts
62	Nicaragua	Template:Dts
63	Seychelles	Template:Dts
64	Singapore	Template:Dts
65	Thailand	Template:Dts
—	Sovereign Military Order of Malta	Template:Dts
66	Kyrgyzstan	Template:Dts
67	Kazakhstan	Template:Dts
68	Estonia	Template:Dts
69	Brunei	Template:Dts
70	Azerbaijan	Template:Dts
71	Belarus	Template:Dts
72	Ukraine	Template:Dts
73	Tajikistan	Template:Dts
74	Moldova	Template:Dts
75	Armenia	Template:Dts
76	South Africa	Template:Dts
77	Morocco	Template:Dts
78	Malaysia	Template:Dts
79	Colombia	Template:Dts
80	Turkmenistan	Template:Dts
81	Slovakia	Template:Dts
82	Brazil	Template:Dts
83	Cambodia	Template:Dts
84	Djibouti	Template:Dts
85	Argentina	Template:Dts
86	Sri Lanka	Template:Dts
87	Senegal	Template:Dts
88	Template:Country data North Macedonia	Template:Dts
89	Burkina Faso	Template:Dts
90	Mali	Template:Dts
91	Cape Verde	Template:Dts
92	Gambia	Template:Dts
93	Cyprus	Template:Dts
94	Namibia	Template:Dts
95	Botswana	Template:Dts
96	Iceland	Template:Dts
97	Croatia	Template:Dts
98	Slovenia	Template:Dts
99	Template:Country data Georgia	Template:Dts
100	Uruguay
101	Ivory Coast	Template:Dts
102	Saudi Arabia	Template:Dts
103	Venezuela	Template:Dts
104	Republic of the Congo	Template:Dts
105	Togo	Template:Dts
106	Sudan	Template:Dts
107	Eswatini	Template:Dts
108	Mauritania	Template:Dts
109	Niger	Template:Dts
110	Oman	Template:Dts
111	United Arab Emirates	Template:Dts
112	Lebanon	Template:Dts
113	Eritrea	Template:Dts
114	Lithuania	Template:Dts
115	Rwanda	Template:Dts
116	Andorra	Template:Dts
117	Latvia	Template:Dts
118	Nepal	Template:Dts
119	Bangladesh	Template:Dts
120	Monaco	Template:Dts
121	Malta	Template:Dts
122	Qatar	Template:Dts
123	Dominican Republic	Template:Dts
124	Bahrain	Template:Dts
125	San Marino	Template:Dts
126	Ireland	Template:Dts
127	Angola
128	Guinea-Bissau
129	Ghana	Template:Dts
130	Burundi	Template:Dts
131	Philippines	Template:Dts
132	New Zealand	Template:Dts
133	Equatorial Guinea	Template:Dts
134	Guinea	Template:Dts
135	Cameroon	Unknown
136	Ethiopia	Unknown
137	Kenya	Unknown
138	Malawi	Unknown
139	Uganda	Unknown

Bilateral relations

International agencies being present in the country allows to react quickly to emergencies such as a food crisis.

Africa

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Mauritius	27 August 1968	See Madagascar–Mauritius relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 August 1968 Madagascar has an embassy in Port Louis. Mauritius has an embassy in Antananarivo.
South Africa	27 January 1994	See Madagascar–South Africa relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 January 1994. South Africa and Madagascar share maritime borders with each other. Madagascar has an embassy in Pretoria and a consulate-general in Cape Town. South Africa has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Template:Dts	Madagascar maintained diplomatic relations with the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic from 29 January 1978 to 6 April 2005.

Americas

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Canada	7 January 1965	See Canada–Madagascar relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 January 1965 Canada is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. Madagascar has an embassy in Ottawa.
Mexico	26 December 1975	Madagascar is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City. Mexico is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Pretoria, South Africa and maintains an honorary consulate in Antananarivo.
United States	26 June 1960	See Madagascar–United States relations Relations between the United States and Madagascar date to the middle 19th century. The two countries concluded a commercial convention in 1867 and a treaty of peace, friendship, and commerce in 1881. Traditionally warm relations suffered considerably during the 1970s, when Madagascar expelled the U.S. ambassador, the USA closed a NASA tracking station, allied with the USSR, and nationalized two U.S. oil companies. In 1980, relations at the ambassadorial level were restored. Throughout the troubled period, commercial and cultural relations remained active. In 1990, Madagascar was designated as a priority aid recipient, and assistance increased from $15 million in 1989 to $40 million in 1993. Recent U.S. assistance has contributed to a population census and family planning programs; conservation of Madagascar's remarkable biodiversity, private sector development, agriculture, democracy and governance initiatives; and media training. Madagascar became the first country with a Millennium Challenge Account compact when it signed an agreement worth $110 million in April 2006. The Ravalomanana government is especially positive about ties with the United States. Madagascar has an embassy in Washington, DC. United States has an embassy in Antananarivo.

Asia

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
China	6 November 1972	See China-Madagascar relations China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972. China has an embassy in Antananarivo and a consulate-general in Toamasina. Madagascar has an embassy in Beijing.
India	27 June 1960	See India–Madagascar relations India has had maritime links with Madagascar for several centuries. India opened a consulate general in Antananarivo in 1954. Upon Madagascar gaining independence in 1960, it was upgraded to an embassy. There are about 20,000 persons of Indian origin in Madagascar, including approximately 2,500 Indian passport holders. India has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in New Delhi.
Indonesia	13 December 1974	See Indonesia–Madagascar relations Indonesia has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Indonesia.
Turkey	30 January 1963	See Madagascar–Turkey relations Madagascar is accredited to Turkey from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Turkey has an embassy in Antananarivo. Trade volume between the two countries was 76.5 million USD in 2019 (Malagasy exports/imports: 5.2/71.3 million USD).

Europe

Country	Formal Relations Began	Notes
Cyprus		Cyprus is accredited to Madagascar from its high commission in Pretoria, South Africa. and an honorary consulate in Antananarivo. Madagascar does not have an accreditation to Cyprus.
Denmark	Template:Dts	Denmark is represented in Madagascar, through its embassy in Pretoria. Denmark have a consulate in Antananarivo.
France	25 June 1960	See France–Madagascar relations both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 June 1960. France has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Paris and consulates-general in Marseille and Saint-Denis.
Germany	26 June 1960	See Germany–Madagascar relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1960 Germany has an embassy in Antananarivo. Madagascar has an embassy in Berlin.
Greece	1962	Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1962 Greece is accredited to Madagascar from its embassy in Nairobi, Kenya. Madagascar is accredited to Greece from its embassy in Rome, Italy.
Russia	29 September 1972	See Madagascar–Russia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1972. During the 2009 Malagasy political crisis, Russia's Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov stated that Russia is "concerned by the increased frequency of attempts on the African continent to resort to non-constitutional methods of solving internal political problems." He went on to say that, in addition to increasing economic and social problems, the use of force is of concern and runs counter to democratic principles, whilst affirming Russia's support of the African Union's position. Madagascar has an embassy in Moscow. Russia has an embassy in Antananarivo.
Serbia	9 December 1969	Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 December 1969. A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between the two countries. Madagascar is accredited to Serbia from its embassy in Rome, Italy. Serbia is accredited to Madagascar from its Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York City, United States.
United Kingdom		See Madagascar–United Kingdom relations File:Communiqué signing (23116010876).jpg Malagasy President Hery Rajaonarimampianina with British Foreign Office Minister James Duddridge in London, November 2015. The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 27 June 1960. Madagascar maintains an embassy in London. The United Kingdom is accredited to Madagascar through its embassy in Antananarivo. The UK administered Madagascar from 1942 to 1943, when Madagascar was transferred to France. Both countries share common membership of the International Criminal Court, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Eastern and Southern Africa–UK Economic Partnership Agreement. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership.

See also

• List of diplomatic missions in Madagascar
• List of diplomatic missions of Madagascar
• Visa policy of Madagascar

External links

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Madagascar (French)

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