Icinga

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Icinga
Initial releaseMay 2009; 17 years ago (2009-05)
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Written inC++ (core), PHP (web frontend)[1]
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Operating systemLinux (server); agents for Linux, FreeBSD, Windows
TypeNetwork monitoring
LicenseGPLv2
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Repositorygithub.com/Icinga/icinga2

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Icinga (/aɪˈsɪŋɡə, ɪˈsɪŋɡə/) is an open-source network monitoring system created in 2009 as a fork of Nagios.[2] The project was started by a group of Nagios community developers who cited slow development, limited community input, and insufficient handling of contributed patches as reasons for the fork.[3] The name is a Zulu word meaning "it looks for" or "it examines."[4]

Icinga 1.x maintained compatibility with Nagios plugins and configuration files, adding a modern web interface, additional database backends (PostgreSQL, Oracle), and a REST API.[5] Icinga 2, released in June 2014, was a ground-up rewrite in C++ with a new configuration language, a built-in cluster stack for distributed monitoring, and an API-first design.[6]

History

In May 2009, developers from the Nagios community announced the fork, initially maintaining full backward compatibility with Nagios Core's plugin interface and object configuration format.[3][7]

Icinga 1.0 was released in December 2009.[8] Subsequent 1.x releases added dual-stack IPv6 support, SLA reporting with distinction between planned and unplanned downtime, and integration of community add-ons for performance graphing (PNP4Nagios) and LDAP-based configuration (LConf).[7][9]

In October 2012, the project announced a technology preview of Icinga 2, a ground-up rewrite designed to address scalability limits and configuration complexity in large deployments.[10] Icinga 2.0 was released in June 2014 with a new domain-specific configuration language, a built-in TLS-secured cluster stack for distributed and high-availability setups, and a REST API for external integrations.[6]

Icinga Web 2, a PHP-based modular frontend, replaced the original Classic UI and Icinga Web 1.x interfaces. It uses a module system for extending functionality (director for configuration management, graphing, reporting, and business process monitoring).[1]

Architecture

Icinga 2 core

The Icinga 2 core is written in C++ and handles check scheduling, notification routing, event processing, and cluster communication. It uses a configuration compiler that validates object definitions at startup, catching errors before monitoring begins. Check execution is parallelized across worker threads.[6]

Features are enabled or disabled at runtime through a feature subsystem. Built-in features include the checker (runs active checks), notification (sends alerts), IDO database writer (exports state and history data to MySQL or PostgreSQL), the Icinga API (REST interface), and performance data writers for Graphite, InfluxDB, and OpenTSDB.[1]

Distributed monitoring

Icinga 2 includes a cluster stack that uses TLS (X.509) certificates for authentication. Nodes can be configured in master-satellite-agent hierarchies, where satellite nodes run checks in remote zones and report results to the master. This allows monitoring across network boundaries without requiring direct connectivity from the master to every endpoint.[1]

Plugin compatibility

Icinga 2 executes standard Nagios-compatible plugins that return exit codes 0 (OK), 1 (WARNING), 2 (CRITICAL), or 3 (UNKNOWN). The Monitoring Plugins project and the Icinga Exchange provide plugin repositories.[5]

Database backend

The IDO (Icinga Data Output) database stores monitoring state, history, and configuration data. Icinga 2 supports MySQL/MariaDB and PostgreSQL for IDO storage. Oracle support, present in Icinga 1.x, was dropped in Icinga 2.[1]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Release Icinga 2 v2.16.0". GitHub. April 23, 2026. Retrieved April 26, 2026.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Asay, Matt (May 6, 2009). "Open-source working as advertised: Icinga forks Nagios". CNET.
  3. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Why a fork?". Icinga. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."icinga -- Zulu-English online dictionary". isizulu.net. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Open Source Monitoring: Icinga vs Nagios". sosopensource.com. November 25, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
  6. ^ a b c Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Icinga 2.0 has arrived". Icinga. June 16, 2014. Archived from the original on July 1, 2014. Retrieved September 3, 2014.
  7. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Mobily, Tony (April 27, 2012). "Nagios Vs. Icinga: the real story of one of the most heated forks in free software". Free Software Magazine. Archived from the original on September 15, 2017. Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Benthin, Falko (2010). "Monitoring network computers with the Icinga Nagios fork". Admin Network & Security (1).
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Henning, Edward (December 6, 2011). "Nagios fork Icinga 1.6 records SLA information". The H Open.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Icinga 2 v.0.0.1 released". Icinga. October 25, 2012. Archived from the original on July 24, 2014. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
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  • Icinga 2 source code on GitHub

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