List of United States presidential elections by popular vote margin

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vote margins of victory in presidential elections from 1828 to 2024, in percentage points[1][2]

In a United States presidential election, the popular vote is the total number or the percentage of votes cast for a candidate by voters in the 50 states and Washington, D.C.; the candidate who gains the most votes nationwide is said to have won the popular vote. As the popular vote is not used to determine who is elected as the nation's president or vice president, it is possible for the winner of the popular vote to end up losing the election, an outcome that has occurred on five occasions, most recently in 2016. This is because presidential elections are indirect elections; the votes cast on Election Day are not cast directly for a candidate but for members of the Electoral College. The Electoral College's electors then formally elect the president and vice president.[3][4]

The Twelfth Amendment to the United States Constitution (1804) provides the procedure by which the president and vice president are elected; electors vote separately for each office. Previously, electors cast two votes for president, and the winner and runner up became president and vice-president respectively. The appointment of electors is a matter for each state's legislature to determine; in 1872 and in every presidential election since 1880, all states have used a popular vote to do so. In every presidential election from 1788 through 1828, multiple state legislatures selected their presidential electors by discretionary appointment rather than by popular vote, while the South Carolina General Assembly did so in every presidential election through 1860, and the Florida Legislature and the Colorado General Assembly selected their presidential electors by discretionary appointment in 1868 and 1876 respectively.[5][6]

The 1824 election was the first in which the popular vote was first fully recorded and reported. Since then, 19 presidential elections have occurred in which a candidate was elected or reelected without gaining a majority of the popular vote.[7] Since the 1988 election, the popular vote of presidential elections has been decided by single-digit margins, the longest streak of close-election results since states began popularly electing presidents in the 1820s.[8]

List

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Parties: Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Federalist • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Democratic-Republican • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  National Republican • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Whig • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Democratic • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Republican • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Progressive • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.  Independent
Vote outcomes: Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.   Winner received only a plurality of the popular vote • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.   Winner lost the popular vote • Page Template:Legend/styles.css has no content.   Winner chosen by the House of Representatives
Election Winner and party Electoral College Popular vote Runner-up and party Turnout[9]
Votes % % Margin Votes Margin
1788–89 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center Template:Party shading/Independent | Ind. 69/69 100% 100% 100% 43,782 43,782 ,No candidateTemplate:Efn 11.6%
1792 align=center Template:Party shading/Independent | Ind. 132/132 28,579 28,579 6.3%
1796 Script error: No such module "Sort". Fed. 71/138 51.45% 53.45% 6.90% 35,726 4,611 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-RTemplate:Efn 20.1%
1800 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-R 73/138 52.90% 61.43% 22.86% 41,330 15,378 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-RTemplate:Efn 32.3%
1804 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-R 162/176 92.05% 72.79% 45.58% 104,110 65,191 Pinckney,Charles C. Pinckney Fed. 23.8%
1808 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-R 122/175 69.72% 64.74% 32.33% 124,732 62,301 Fed. 36.8%
1812 D-R 128/217 58.99% 50.37% 2.74% 140,431 7,650 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-RTemplate:Efn 40.4%
1816 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-R 183/217 84.33% 68.16% 37.24% 76,592 41,852 Script error: No such module "Sort". Fed. 23.5%
1820 D-R 231/232 99.57% 80.61% 64.69% 87,343 69,878 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-RTemplate:Efn 10.1%
1824 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-R 84/261 32.18% 30.92% −10.44% 113,142 −38,221 Script error: No such module "Sort". D-RTemplate:Efn 26.9%
1828 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 178/261 68.20% 55.93% 12.25% 642,806 140,839 Script error: No such module "Sort". NR 57.3%
1832 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 219/286 76.57% 54.74% 17.81% 702,735 228,628 Script error: No such module "Sort". NR 57.0%
1836 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 170/294 57.82% 50.79% 14.20% 763,291 213,384 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Whig 56.5%
1840 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Whig 234/294 79.59% 52.87% 6.05% 1,275,583 145,938 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 80.3%
1844 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 170/275 61.82% 49.54% 1.45% 1,339,570 39,413 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Whig 79.2%
1848 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Whig 163/290 56.21% 47.28% 4.79% 1,360,235 137,882 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 72.8%
1852 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 254/296 85.81% 50.83% 6.95% 1,605,943 219,525 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Whig 69.5%
1856 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 174/296 58.78% 45.29% 12.20% 1,835,140 494,472 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 79.4%
1860 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 180/303 59.41% 39.65% 10.13% 1,855,993 474,049 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem.Template:Efn 81.8%
1864 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 212/233 90.99% 55.03% 10.08% 2,211,317 405,090 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 76.3%
1868 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 214/294 72.79% 52.66% 5.32% 3,013,790 304,810 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 80.9%
1872 align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 286/352 81.25% 55.58% 11.80% 3,597,439 763,729 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem.Template:Efn 72.1%
1876 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 185/369 50.14% 47.92% −3.00% 4,034,142 −252,666 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 82.6%
1880 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 214/369 57.99% 48.31% 0.09% 4,453,337 1,898 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 80.5%
1884 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 219/401 54.61% 48.85% 0.57% 4,914,482 57,579 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 78.2%
1888 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 233/401 58.10% 47.80% −0.83% 5,443,892 −90,596 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 80.5%
1892 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 277/444 62.39% 46.02% 3.01% 5,553,898 363,099 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 75.8%
1896 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 271/447 60.63% 51.02% 4.31% 7,112,138 601,331 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 79.6%
1900 align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 292/447 65.23% 51.64% 6.12% 7,228,864 857,932 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 73.7%
1904 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 336/476 70.59% 56.42% 18.83% 7,630,557 2,546,677 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 65.5%
1908 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 321/483 66.46% 51.57% 8.53% 7,678,335 1,269,356 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 65.7%
1912 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 435/531 81.92% 41.84% 14.44% 6,296,284 2,173,563 Script error: No such module "Sort". Prog. 59.0%
1916 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 277/531 52.17% 49.24% 3.12% 9,126,868 578,140 Script error: No such module "Sort". align="center" style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 61.8%
1920 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 404/531 76.08% 60.32% 26.17% 16,144,093 7,004,432 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 49.2%
1924 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 382/531 71.94% 54.04% 25.22% 15,723,789 7,337,547 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 48.9%
1928 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 444/531 83.62% 58.21% 17.41% 21,427,123 6,411,659 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 56.9%
1932 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 472/531 88.89% 57.41% 17.76% 22,821,277 7,060,023 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 56.9%
1936 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 523/531 98.49% 60.80% 24.26% 27,752,648 11,070,786 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 61.0%
1940 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 449/531 84.56% 54.74% 9.96% 27,313,945 4,966,201 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 62.4%
1944 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 432/531 81.36% 53.39% 7.50% 25,612,916 3,594,987 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 55.9%
1948 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 303/531 57.06% 49.55% 4.48% 24,179,347 2,188,055 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 52.2%
1952 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 442/531 83.24% 55.18% 10.85% 34,075,529 6,700,439 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 62.3%
1956 align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 457/531 86.06% 57.37% 15.40% 35,579,180 9,551,152 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 60.2%
1960Template:Efn Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 303/537 56.42% 49.72% 0.17% 34,220,984 112,827 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 63.8%
1964 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 486/538 90.33% 61.05% 22.58% 43,129,040 15,953,286 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 62.8%
1968 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 301/538 55.95% 43.42% 0.70% 31,783,783 511,944 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 62.5%
1972 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 520/538 96.65% 60.67% 23.15% 47,168,710 17,995,488 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 56.2%
1976 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 297/538 55.20% 50.08% 2.06% 40,831,881 1,683,247 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 54.8%
1980 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 489/538 90.89% 50.75% 9.74% 43,903,230 8,422,115 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 54.2%
1984 align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 525/538 97.58% 58.77% 18.21% 54,455,472 16,878,120 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 55.2%
1988 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 426/538 79.18% 53.37% 7.72% 48,886,597 7,077,121 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 52.8%
1992 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 370/538 68.77% 43.01% 5.56% 44,909,889 5,805,339 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 58.1%
1996 align="center" style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 379/538 70.45% 49.23% 8.51% 47,401,185 8,203,716 Script error: No such module "Sort". align="center" style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 51.7%
2000 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 271/538 50.47% 47.87% −0.51% 50,456,002 −543,895 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 54.2%
2004 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 286/538 53.16% 50.73% 2.46% 62,040,610 3,012,166 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 60.1%
2008 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 365/538 67.84% 52.93% 7.27% 69,498,516 9,550,193 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 61.6%
2012 align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 332/538 61.71% 51.06% 3.86% 65,915,795 4,982,291 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 58.6%
2016 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 304/538 56.50% 46.09% −2.09% 62,984,828 −2,868,686 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 60.1%
2020 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 306/538 56.88% 51.31% 4.45% 81,283,501 7,059,526 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 66.6%
2024 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black; background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" | Rep. 312/538 57.99% 49.80% 1.48% 77,302,580 2,284,967 Script error: No such module "Sort". align=center style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" | Dem. 64.1%

Template:Notelist

Timeline

Presidents of the U.S. listed in a timeline graph of elections with results of the popular vote color coded for political parties from 1788 to 2024.
A gray arrow points to the name of a person who became president without having been elected as president (9 total). The double arrow indicates becoming president without having been elected as vice president (e.g. Ford). 5 other former vice presidents are underlined (14 total). The top line indicates the presidency number (e.g. 40th for Reagan) with Roman numerals indicating election and term number.

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Woolley, John T. and Peters, Gerhard, Eds. Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ McPherson, J. (2001). To the Best of My Ability: The American Presidents. Dorling Kindersly Publishing.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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