List of WLAN channels

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Template:Short description

Wireless LAN (WLAN) channels are frequently accessed using IEEE 802.11 protocols. The 802.11 standard provides several radio frequency bands for use in Wi-Fi communications, each divided into a multitude of frequency channels numbered at 5 MHz spacing (except in the 45/60 GHz band, where they are 0.54/1.08/2.16 GHz apart) between the centre frequency of the channel. The standards allow for channels to be bonded together into wider channels for faster throughput.

860/900 MHz (802.11ah)

802.11ah operates in sub-gigahertz unlicensed bands. There are two main bands in use, with Europe mainly using 860 MHz, and the rest of the world mostly using 900 MHz.

860 MHz

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F0 index[1] F0
(MHz)[1] 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Europe[1] Singapore[1] Rest of
World
1
MHz 		2
MHz
1 Template:Na 863.5 863–864 Yes No No
3 864.5 864–865
5 6 865.5 865–866
7 866.5 866–867 Yes
9 10 867.5 867–868
11 868.5 868–869 No

900 MHz

Each world region supports different sub-bands, and the channel numbers depend on the starting frequency on the sub-band it belongs to. Therefore there is no global channel numbering plan, and the channel numbers are incompatible between world regions (and even between sub-bands of a same world region). However, for the purposes of illustration, the following table lists all the worldwide permitted frequencies with the channel numbers assigned to the region with the largest number of permitted frequencies, the United States.

Script error: No such module "anchor". Template:Mw-datatable Template:Sticky table start

F0 index[2] F0
(MHz)[1] 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Australia
New Zealand[1] 		Europe[1] Japan[1] Korea[1] Singapore[1] Taiwan[1] United
States[1] 		Rest of
World
1
MHz 		2
MHz 		4
MHz 		8
MHz 		16
MHz
1 2 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na 902.5 902–903 No No No No No No Yes No
3 903.5 903–904
5 6 8 12 20 904.5 904–905
7 905.5 905–906
9 10 906.5 906–907
11 907.5 907–908
13 14 16 908.5 908–909
15 909.5 909–910
17 18 910.5 910–911
19 911.5 911–912
21 22 24 28 912.5 912–913
23 913.5 913–914
25 26 914.5 914–915
27 915.5 915–916 Yes
29 30 32 916.5 916–917
31 917.5 917–918 Yes Template:Notetag Yes
33 34 918.5 918–919 Yes Template:Notetag
35 919.5 919–920
37 38 40 44 Template:Na 920.5 920–921 No Yes
39 921.5 921–922 Yes Template:Notetag
41 42 922.5 922–923
43 923.5 923–924
45 46 48 924.5 924–925 No Template:Notetag
47 925.5 925–926 No No
49 50 Template:Screen reader-only 926.5 926–927
51 52KR 927.5 927–928 Yes Template:Notetag
53 54 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na 928.5 928–929 No No No
55 56KR 929.5 929–930
57 Template:Screen reader-only 930.5 930–931
1
MHz 		2
MHz 		4
MHz 		8
MHz 		16
MHz 		F0
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Australia
New Zealand 		Europe Japan Korea Singapore Taiwan United
States 		Rest of
World
Notes: Template:Notefoot

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Indonesia permits use in the 920–923 MHz band, however only with 250 kHz channels, below the minimum 1 MHz required for 802.11ah.

2.4 GHz (802.11b/g/n/ax/be/bn)

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14 channels are designated in the 2.4 GHz range, spaced 5 MHz apart from each other except for a 12 MHz space before channel 14.[3] The abbreviation F0 designates each channel's fundamental frequency.

Template:Sticky table startTemplate:Mw-datatable

# F0
(MHz) 		DSSS OFDM Most of
world
[4][5][6][7]
[8][9][10][11] 		North
America
[4]
Japan
[4]
Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Channel
22 MHz 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Channel
20 MHz 		Center frequency index
40 MHz
1 2412 2401–2423 1 2
  		3 Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only 2402–2422 1 2
 3 Template:Screen reader-only 3

 Template:Screen reader-only 4
 Template:Screen reader-only 5 Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only Yes Yes Yes
2 2417 2406–2428 4 2407–2427 4 6
3 2422 2411–2433 5 2412–2432 5 7
4 2427 2416–2438 6 2417–2437 6 8
5 2432 2421–2443 7 2422–2442 7 9
6 2437 2426–2448 8 2427–2447 8 10
7 2442 2431–2453 9 2432–2452 9
11
8 2447 2436–2458 10 2437–2457 10 Template:Screen reader-only
9 2452 2441–2463 11 2442–2462 11 Template:Screen reader-only
10 2457 2446–2468 12 2447–2467 12 Template:Screen reader-only
11 2462 2451–2473 13
  		2452–2472 13 Template:Screen reader-only
12 2467 2456–2478 Template:Screen reader-only 2457–2477 Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only rowspan=2 Template:MaybeB
13 2472 2461–2483 Template:Screen reader-only 2462–2482 Template:Screen reader-only Template:Screen reader-only
14 2484 2473–2495 14 Template:Screen reader-only No No Template:MaybeC
Notes:

Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.^AIn the 2.4 GHz bands bonded 40 MHz channels are uniquely named by the primary and secondary 20 MHz channels, e.g. 9+13. In the 5 GHz bands they are denoted by the center of the wider band and the primary 20 MHz channel e.g. 42[40]

Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.^BIn the US, 802.11 operation on channels 12 and 13 is allowed under low-power conditions. The 2.4 GHz Part 15 band in the US allows spread-spectrum operation as long as the 50 dB bandwidth of the signal is within the range of 2,400–2,483.5 MHz,[12] which fully encompasses channels 1 through 13. A Federal Communications Commission (FCC) document clarifies that only channel 14 is forbidden and that low-power transmitters with low-gain antennas may operate legally in channels 12 and 13.[13] Channels 12 and 13 are nevertheless not normally used in order to avoid any potential interference in the adjacent restricted frequency band, 2,483.5–2,500 MHz,[14] which is subject to strict emission limits set out in 47 CFR § 15.205.[15] Per recent FCC Order 16–181, "an authorized access point device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of a Globalstar Network Operating Center and that a client device can only operate in the 2483.5–2495 MHz band when it is operating under the control of an authorized access point"[16]

Page Template:Citation/styles.css has no content.^CChannel 14 is valid only for DSSS and CCK modes (Clause 18 a.k.a. 802.11b) in Japan. OFDM (i.e., 802.11g) may not be used. (IEEE 802.11-2007 § 19.4.2)

Nations apply their own RF emission regulations to the allowable channels, allowed users and maximum power levels within these frequency ranges. Network operators should consult their local authorities as these regulations may be out of date as they are subject to change at any time. Most of the world will allow the first thirteen channels in the spectrum.

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Interference happens when two networks try to operate in the same band, or when their bands overlap. The two modulation methods used have different characteristics of band usage and therefore occupy different widths:

  • The DSSS method used by legacy 802.11 and 802.11b (and the 11b-compatible rates of 11 g) occupies 22 MHz of bandwidth. This is from the 11 MHz chip rate used by the coding system. No guard band is prescribed;[17] the channel definition provides 3 MHz between 1, 6, and 11.
  • The OFDM method used by 802.11g and 802.11n occupies a bandwidth of 16.25 MHz. The nameplate bandwidth is set to be 20 MHz, rounding up to a multiple of channel width and providing some guard band for signal to attenuate along the edge of the band.[18] This guardband is mainly used to accommodate older routers with modem chipsets prone to full channel occupancy, as most modern Wi‑Fi routers are not prone to excessive channel occupancy.
File:NonOverlappingChannels2.4GHz802.11-en.svg
Graphical representation of Wireless LAN channels in 2.4 GHz band. Channels 12 and 13 are customarily unused in the United States. As a result, the usual 20 MHz allocation becomes 1/6/11, the same as 11b.

While overlapping frequencies can be configured at a location and will usually work, it can cause interference resulting in slowdowns, sometimes severe, particularly in heavy use. Certain subsets of frequencies can be used simultaneously at any one location without interference (see diagrams for typical allocations). The consideration of spacing stems from both the basic bandwidth occupation (described above), which depends on the protocol, and from attenuation of interfering signals over distance. In the worst case, using every fourth or fifth channel by leaving three or four channels clear between used channels causes minimal interference, and narrower spacing still can be used at further distances.[19][20] The "interference" is usually not actual bit-errors, but the wireless transmitters making space for each other. Interference resulting in bit-error is rare.[20] The requirement of the standard is for a transmitter to yield when it decodes another at a level of 3 dB above the noise floor,[21] or when the non-decoded noise level is higher than a threshold Pth which, for Wi-Fi 5 and earlier, is between -76 and -80 dBm.[20]

As shown in the diagram, bonding two 20 MHz channels to form a 40 MHz channel is permitted in the 2.4 GHz bands. These are generally referred to by the centres of the primary 20 MHz channel and the adjacent secondary 20 MHz channel (e.g. 1+5, 9+13, 13–9, 5–1). The primary 20 MHz channel is used for signalling and backwards compatibility, the secondary is only used when sending data at full speed.[22]

3.65 GHz (802.11y)

Except where noted, all information taken from Annex J of IEEE 802.11y-2008

This range is documented as only being allowed as a licensed band in the United States. However, not in the original specification, under newer frequency allocations from the FCC, it falls under the 3.55–3.7 GHz Citizens Broadband Radio Service band. This allows for unlicensed use, under Tier 3 GAA rules, provided that the user doesn't cause harmful interference to Incumbent Access users or Priority Access Licensees and accepts all interference from these users,[23] and also follows all the technical requirements in CFR 47 Part 96 Subpart E.

A 40 MHz band is available from 3655 to 3695 MHz. It may be divided into eight 5 MHz channels, four 10 MHz channels, or two 20 MHz channels.

The division into 5 MHz channels consumes all eight possible channel numbers, and so (unlike other bands) it is not possible to infer the width of a channel from its number. Instead each wider channel shares its channel number with the 5 MHz channel just above its mid frequency:

  • channel 132 can be either 3660-3665 or 3655-3665;
  • channel 133 can be either 3665-3670 or 3655-3675;

and so on.

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Channel Span
5 MHz 10 MHz 20 MHz
131 3655–3660
(F0=3657.5) 		3655–3665
(F0=3660) 		3655–3675
(F0=3665)
132 3660–3665
(F0=3662.5)
133 3665–3670
(F0=3667.5) 		3665–3675
(F0=3670)
134 3670–3675
(F0=3672.5)
135 3675–3680
(F0=3677.5) 		3675–3685
(F0=3680) 		3675–3695
(F0=3685)
136 3680–3685
(F0=3682.5)
137 3685–3690
(F0=3687.5) 		3685–3695
(F0=3690)
138 3690–3695
(F0=3692.5)

4.9–5.0 GHz (802.11j) WLAN

Template:Sticky header

Channel Center
frequency
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Channel Japan United
States
10
MHz 		20
MHz 		40
MHz
184 4920 4910–4930 183, 184, 185 184 184+188
188-184 		Registration
required 		Template:Screen reader-only
188 4940 4930–4950 187, 188, 189 188
192 4960 4950–4970 Template:Screen reader-only 192 192+196
196-192
196 4980 4970–4990 196
(191) 4955 4945–4965 11, 13, 15 21 Template:Na Template:Screen reader-only Yes
(195) 4975 4965–4985 15, 17, 19 25
8 5040 5030–5050 7, 8, 9 8 Template:Na Revoked Template:Screen reader-only
12 5060 5050–5070 11, — 12
16 5080 5070–5090 Template:Screen reader-only 16

In Japan since 2002, 80 MHz of spectrum from 4910 to 4990 MHz has been available for both indoor and outdoor use, once registered.

Until 2017, an additional 60 MHz of spectrum from 5030 to 5090 MHz was available for registered use, however it has since been re-purposed and can no longer be used.[24]

50 MHz of spectrum from 4940 to 4990 MHz (WLAN channels 20–26) are in use by public safety entities in the United States. Within this spectrum there are two non-overlapping channels allocated, each 20 MHz wide. The most commonly used channels are 22 and 24.

5 GHz (802.11a/h/n/ac/ax/be/bn)

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Ch. 20 MHz F0
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		F0 index US FCC
U-NII band(s) 		Australia
[9] 		United
States
[25] 		Canada
[26][27] 		United
Kingdom
[28] 		Europe
[29][30][31][32][33][34] 		Russia
[35] 		Japan
[36][37][38] 		India
[39][40][41] 		Singa-
pore
[42][43] 		China
[44][45] 		Israel
[8] 		Korea
[46][47] 		Turkey
[48] 		South Africa
[49] 		Brazil
[5][50] 		Taiwan
[51] 		New
Zealand
[52] 		Bahrain
[53] 		Vietnam
[54] 		Indonesia
[55] 		Philippines
[56]
Page Template:Tooltip/styles.css has no content.Template:EncodefirstScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 80
MHz 		160
MHz
32 5160 5150–5170 Template:Na Template:Na Template:Na U-NII-1 Indoors Yes Template:Notetag Indoors Indoors/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag Indoors/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag Indoors/TPC Template:Notetag Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Unknown Indoors/TPC Yes Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors Indoors
36 5180 5170–5190 38 42 50 Indoors/DFS/
TPC
40 5200 5190–5210
44 5220 5210–5230 46
48 5240 5230–5250 IndoorsTemplate:Notetag
52 5260 5250–5270 54 58 U-NII-2A Indoors/DFS/
TPC Template:Notetag 		DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag Indoors/DFS
/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag 		Indoors/DFS
/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag 		Indoors/DFS/
TPC 		Indoors DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/
TPC orTemplate:Notetag 		DFS/TPC Indoors/DFS/
TPC 		Indoors/DFS/
TPC 		DFS DFS/TPC Template:Notetag Indoors/DFS/
TPC orTemplate:Notetag 		DFS/TPC Template:Notetag
56 5280 5270–5290
60 5300 5290–5310 62
64 5320 5310–5330
68 5340 5330–5350 70 74 82 Indoors/DFS/TPC Unknown
72 5360 5350–5370 U-NII-2B Unused
76 5380 5370–5390 78
80 5400 5390–5410
84 5420 5410–5430 86 90
88 5440 5430–5450
92 5460 5450–5470 94
96 5480 5470–5490 U-NII-2C DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag Template:Notetag No DFS/TPC Yes DFS/TPC No Indoors/DFS/
TPC orTemplate:NotetagTemplate:Notetag 		DFS/TPC DFS/TPC Unknown DFS/TPC DFS DFS/TPC Template:Notetag No DFS/TPC Template:Notetag No Indoors
100 5500 5490–5510 102 106 114 Yes
104 5520 5510–5530 DFS/TPC Template:Notetag
108 5540 5530–5550 110
112 5560 5550–5570
116 5580 5570–5590 118 122
120 5600 5590–5610 No No
124 5620 5610–5630 126
128 5640 5630–5650
132 5660 5650–5670 134 138 Template:Na DFS/TPC Template:Notetag DFS/TPC Template:Notetag rowspan=3 Template:Maybe Indoors/TPC Template:Notetag
136 5680 5670–5690
140 5700 5690–5710 142
144 5720 5710–5730 U-NII-2C/3 SRD Template:Notetag IndoorsTemplate:Notetag No No
5730–5735 Template:Screen reader-only U-NII-3 Unknown Unknown
149 5745 5735–5755 151 155 163 Yes Yes Template:Notetag Yes SRD (200 mW) No Indoors Yes Yes Indoors Template:Notetag Yes No No Yes Yes Yes DFS/TPC/
Fixed 		Yes Yes
153 5765 5755–5775
157 5785 5775–5795 159
161 5805 5795–5815
165 5825 5815–5835 167 171 No
169 5845 5835–5855 U-NII-3/4 Indoors Template:Notetag No SRD (25 mW) Template:Notetag Yes No No No No No No No No
173 5865 5855–5875 175 U-NII-4 No No
177 5885 5875–5895 No No No No No
Ch. 20 MHz F0
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		40
MHz 		80
MHz 		160
MHz 		US FCC
U-NII band(s) 		Australia United States Canada United Kingdom Europe Russia Japan India Singapore China Israel Korea Turkey South Africa Brazil Taiwan New Zealand Bahrain Vietnam Indonesia Philippines
Notes: Template:Notefoot

Template:Sticky table end

Template:Sticky header

Caption
Text Meaning
Yes Compliant equipment may emit in this band without special restrictions.
No Equipment shall not emit in this band.
Indoors Equipment emitting in this band shall not be used outdoors.
DFS Equipment must comply with DFS restrictions.
SRD Equipment must comply with SRD restrictions.
Indoors/DFS Equipment must comply with DFS restrictions and shall not be used outdoors.
Indoors/TPC Equipment must comply with TPC restrictions and shall not be used outdoors.
DFS/TPC Equipment must comply with DFS and TPC restrictions.
DFS/TPC + SRD Equipment must comply with DFS, TPC, and SRD restrictions.
Indoors/DFS/TPC Equipment must comply with DFS and TPC restrictions and shall not be used outdoors.
Registration required Users must register with the applicable regulatory authority before using this band.
Unknown Information regarding regulations in this band is not available.
Notes: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Country-specific information

DFS and TPC

Source:[57]

United States

In 2007, the FCC (United States) began requiring that devices operating in the bands of 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz must employ dynamic frequency selection (DFS) and transmit power control (TPC) capabilities. This is to avoid interference with weather-radar and military applications.[58] In 2010, the FCC further clarified the use of channels in the 5.470–5.725 GHz band to avoid interference with Terminal Doppler Weather Radar (TDWR).[59] In FCC parlance, these restrictions are now referred to collectively as the Old Rules. On 10 June 2015, the FCC approved a new ruleset for 5 GHz device operation (called the New Rules), which adds 160 and 80 MHz channel identifiers, and re-enables previously prohibited DFS channels, in Publication Number 905462.[60] This FCC publication eliminates the ability for manufacturers to have devices approved or modified under the Old Rules in phases; the New Rules apply in all circumstances as of 2 June 2016.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[60]

Source:[57]

United Kingdom

The UK's Ofcom regulations for unlicensed use of the 5 GHz band is similar to Europe, except that DFS is not required for the frequency range 5.725–5.850 GHz and the SRD maximum mean e.i.r.p is 200 mW instead of 25 mW.[61]

Additionally, 5.925–6.425 GHz is also available for unlicensed use, as long as it is used indoors with an SRD of 250 mW.

Germany

Germany requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz as well; in addition, the frequency range 5.150–5.350 GHz is allowed only for indoor use, leaving only 5.470–5.725 GHz for outdoor and indoor use.[62]

Since this is the German implementation of EU Rule 2005/513/EC, similar regulations must be expected throughout the European Union.[29][30]

European standard EN 301 893 covers 5.15–5.725 GHz operation, and as of 23 May 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". v2.1.1 has been adopted.[63] 6 GHz can now be used.[64]

Austria

Austria adopted Decision 2005/513/EC directly into national law.[65]

Japan

Japan's use of 10 and 20 MHz-wide 5 GHz wireless channels is codified by Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB) document STD-T71, Broadband Mobile Access Communication System (CSMA).[66] Additional rule specifications relating to 40, 80, and 160 MHz channel allocation has been taken on by Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC).[67]

Brazil

In Brazil, the use of TPC is required in the 5.150–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz bands is required, but devices without TPC are allowed with a reduction of 3 dB.[68] DFS is required in the 5.250–5.350 GHz and 5.470–5.725 GHz bands, and optional in the 5.150–5.250 GHz band.[69]

Australia

As of 2015,Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". some of the Australian channels require DFS to be utilised (a significant change from the 2000 regulations, which allowed lower power operation without DFS).[9] As per AS/NZS 4268 B1 and B2, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement DFS in accordance with sections 4.7 and 5.3.8 and Annex D of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(2). Also as per AS/NZS 4268 B3 and B4, transmitters designed to operate in any part of 5250–5350 MHz and 5470–5725 MHz bands shall implement TPC in accordance with sections 4.4 and 5.3.4 of ETSI EN 301 893 or alternatively in accordance with FCC paragraph 15.407(h)(1).

New Zealand

New Zealand regulation differs from Australian.[70]

Philippines

In the Philippines, the National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) allows the use of 5150 MHz to 5350 MHz and 5470 MHz to 5850 MHz frequency bands indoors with an effective radiated power (ERP) not exceeding 250 mW. Indoor Wireless Data Network (WDN) equipment and devices shall not use external antenna. All outdoor equipment/radio station whether for private WDN or public WDN shall be covered by appropriate permits and licenses required under existing rules and regulations.[56]

Singapore

Singapore regulation requires DFS and TPC to be used in the 5.250–5.350 GHz band to transmit more than 100 mW effective radiated power (EIRP), but no more than 200 mW, and requires DFS capability on 5.250–5.350 GHz below or equal to 100 mW EIRP, and requires DFS and TPC capabilities on 5.470–5.725 below or equal to 1000 mW EIRP. Operating 5.725–5.850 GHz above 1000 mW and below or equal to 4000 mW EIRP shall be approved on exceptional basis.[43]

South Korea

In South Korea, the Ministry of Science and ICT has public notices. 신고하지 아니하고 개설할 수 있는 무선국용 무선설비의 기술기준, Technical standard for radio equipment for radio stations that can be opened without reporting. They allowed 160 MHz channel bandwidth from 2018 to 2016–27.[71]

China

China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 31 December 2012Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". to add UNII-1, 5150–5250 MHz, UNII-2, 5250–5350 MHz (DFS/TPC), similar to European standards EN 301.893 V1.7.1.[72] China MIIT expanded allowed channels as of 3 July 2017Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". to add U-NII-3, 5725–5850 MHz.[73]

Indonesia

Indonesia allows use of the band 5150–5350 MHz with maximum EIRP of 200 mW (23 dBm) and maximum bandwidth of 160 MHz, and the band 5725–5825 MHz with the same maximum EIRP and maximum bandwidth of 80 MHz for indoor use. Outdoors, use of the band 5725–5825 MHz with maximum EIRP of 4 W (36 dBm) is allowed, with a maximum bandwidth of 20 MHz.[74][75]

India

In exercise of powers conferred by the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 and Indian Wireless Telegraphy Act, 1933,[76] the Government of India made the Use of Wireless Access System including Radio Local Area Network in 5 GHz band (Exemption from Licensing Requirement) Rules, 2018.[77][78]

These rules exempted the spectrum of 5150–5250 MHz, 5250–5350 MHz, and 5725–5875 MHz in the 5 GHz band from licensing, allowing their use for establishing wireless access systems in both indoor and outdoor environments.[79] For transmitters operating in the 5150–5250 MHz, 5250–5350 MHz, and 5470–5725 MHz bands, out-of-band emissions were limited to an e.i.r.p. of −27 dBm/MHz. For transmitters operating in the 5725–5875 MHz band, emissions within 10 MHz of the band edge were limited to an e.i.r.p. of −17 dBm/MHz, while anything beyond this range was limited to −27 dBm/MHz.[78] Additionally, it defined procedures for interference and specified the standards to be followed by wireless equipment.[80][81]

5.9 GHz (802.11p)

The 802.11p amendment published on 15 July 2010, specifies WLAN in the licensed band of 5.9 GHz (5.850–5.925 GHz). Template:Sticky header

Channel Center
frequency
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		10
MHz 		20
MHz 		Band
name 		United
States 		United
Kingdom 		Europe Japan
172 5860 5855–5865 10 Template:Screen reader-only DSRC Unknown Yes Unknown
174 5870 5865–5875 10
176 5880 5875–5885 10
178 5890 5885–5895 10
180 5900 5895–5905 10
182 5910 5905–5915 10 C-V2X No No No Registration
required
183 (proposed) 5915 5905–5925 20
184 5920 5915–5925 10 Indoors/SRD
(250 mW)
187 5935 5930–5940 10 Template:Screen reader-only
188 5940 5930–5950 20
189 5945 5940–5950 10
192 5960 5950–5970 20
196 5980 5970–5990 20

6 GHz (802.11ax/be/bn)

The Wi-Fi Alliance has introduced the term Wi‑Fi 6E to identify and certify IEEE 802.11ax devices that support this new band, which is also used by Wi-Fi 7 (IEEE 802.11be) and Wi-Fi 8 (IEEE 802.11bn). Template:Mw-datatable

Template:Sticky table start

Ch.
20 MHz 		F0
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		Center Frequency Index United
States
FCC
U-NII band(s) 		United States Canada Australia Europe,
Japan,
Russia,
New Zealand,[82]
Indonesia,[83] Vietnam, Taiwan,
India [84] 		Greenland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom,
Mexico 		Brazil,[85]
Chile,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Peru,
Saudi Arabia,
South Korea 		Colombia,
Jordan,
Qatar 		Singapore, Hong Kong,[86] Macao, Philippines
40
MHz 		80
MHz 		160
MHz 		320
MHz
Script error: No such module "anchor".2 note 5935 5925–5945 Template:Screen reader-only U-NII-5 Standard
/LPI 		Standard
/LPI/VLP 		LPI/VLP LPI/VLP[87] Yes Yes Proposed Yes
1 5955 5945–5965 3 7 15 31 rowspan=8 Template:Na LPI/VLP
5 5975 5965–5985
9 5995 5985–6005 11
13 6015 6005–6025
17 6035 6025–6045 19 23
21 6055 6045–6065
25 6075 6065–6085 27
29 6095 6085–6105
33 6115 6105–6125 35 39 47 63
37 6135 6125–6145
41 6155 6145–6165 43
45 6175 6165–6185
49 6195 6185–6205 51 55
53 6215 6205–6225
57 6235 6225–6245 59
61 6255 6245–6265
65 6275 6265–6285 67 71 79 95
69 6295 6285–6305
73 6315 6305–6325 75
77 6335 6325–6345
81 6355 6345–6365 83 87
85 6375 6365–6385
89 6395 6385–6405 91
93 6415 6405–6425
97 6435 6425–6445 99 103 111 127 U-NII-6 LPI Standard
/LPI/VLP 		No No Yes Proposed No
101 6455 6445–6465
105 6475 6465–6485 107
109 6495 6485–6505
113 6515 6505–6525 115 119
117 6535 6525–6545 U-NII-7 Standard
/LPI
121 6555 6545–6565 123
125 6575 6565–6585
129 6595 6585–6605 131 135 143 159
133 6615 6605–6625
137 6635 6625–6645 139
141 6655 6645–6665
145 6675 6665–6685 147 151
149 6695 6685–6705
153 6715 6705–6725 155
157 6735 6725–6745
161 6755 6745–6765 163 167 175 191
165 6775 6765–6785
169 6795 6785–6805 171
173 6815 6805–6825
177 6835 6825–6845 179 183
181 6855 6845–6865
185 6875 6865–6885 187 U-NII-7/8 LPI LPI/VLP
189 6895 6885–6905 U-NII-8
193 6915 6905–6925 195 199 207 rowspan="11" Template:Na
197 6935 6925–6945
201 6955 6945–6965 203
205 6975 6965–6985
209 6995 6985–7005 211 215
213 7015 7005–7025
217 7035 7025–7045 219
221 7055 7045–7065
225 7075 7065–7085 227 rowspan="3" Template:Na rowspan="3" Template:Na rowspan="3" Template:Na
229 7095 7085–7105
233 7115 7105–7125 Template:Na
Ch. F0
(MHz) 		Frequency
range
(MHz) 		40
MHz 		80
MHz 		160
MHz 		320
MHz 		United States
FCC
U-NII band(s) 		United States Canada Australia Europe,
Japan,
Russia,
New Zealand,
Indonesia,
Vietnam, India 		Greenland,
United Arab Emirates,
United Kingdom,
Mexico
 Brazil,
Chile,
Costa Rica,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Peru,
Saudi Arabia,
South Korea 		Colombia,
Jordan,
Qatar 		Singapore, Hong Kong, Macao, Philippines

Template:Sticky table end

Notes

Script error: No such module "anchor".

  • ↑ Channel 2: The 802.11ax specification defines a special Operating Class 136[88] starting at 5925Mhz at 20Mhz wide containing channel 2.[89][90] Not all regions reserved frequencies this low for 6Ghz. European regulations allow the first channel to begin at 5945Mhz.[91] Others such as New Zealand, India begin at 5925 MHz.[92] Thus, the separate operating class was created to allow flexibility for any regions (where regulations allow) to make use of channel 2, however the industry considers this channel as a reserved guard band[93] to ensure there is no possibility of overlap with the 5Ghz band or other adjacent spectrum reservations.

Initialisms (precise definition below):

  • LPI: low-power indoor
  • VLP: very-low-power

United States

On 23 April 2020, the FCC voted on and ratified a Report and Order[94][95] to allocate 1.2 GHz of unlicensed spectrum in the 6 GHz band (5.925–7.125 GHz) for Wi-Fi use.

Standard power

Template:Sticky header

USA 6 GHz standard-power channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 320 MHz
U-NII-5 24 12 6 3 1
U-NII-6 Not allowed
U-NII-7 17 8 3 1 0
U-NII-8 Not allowed
Total 41 20 9 4 1

Standard-power access points are permitted indoors and outdoors at a maximum EIRP of 36 dBm in the U-NII-5 and U-NII-7 sub-bands with automatic frequency coordination (AFC).

Low-power indoor (LPI) operation

Template:Sticky header

USA 6 GHz low-power indoor channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 320 MHz
U-NII-5 24 12 6 3 1.5
U-NII-6 5 2.5 1.25 0.5 0.25
U-NII-7 17.5 8.75 4.25 2.25 1.125
U-NII-8 12.5 5.75 2.5 1.25 0.125
Total 59 29 14 7 3

Note: Partial channels indicate channels that span UNII boundaries, which is permitted in 6 GHz LPI operation. Under the proposed channel numbers, the U-NII-7/U-NII-8 boundary is spanned by channels 185 (20 MHz), 187 (40 MHz), 183 (80 MHz), and 175 (160 MHz). The U-NII-6/U-NII-7 boundary is spanned by channels 115 (40 MHz), 119 (80 MHz), and channel 111 (160 MHz).

For use in indoor environments, access points are limited to a maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and a maximum power spectral density of 5 dBm/MHz. They can operate in this mode on all four U-NII bands (5,6,7,8) without the use of automatic frequency coordination. To help ensure they are used only indoors, these types of access points are not permitted to be connectorized for external antennas, weather-resistant, or run on battery power.[95]Template:R/superscript

Very-low-power devices

The FCC may issue a ruling in the future on a third class of very low power devices such as hotspots and short-range applications.

Canada

In November 2020, the Innovation, Science and Economic Development (ISED) of Canada published "Consultation on the Technical and Policy Framework for Licence-Exempt Use in the 6 GHz Band".[96] They proposed to allow licence-exempt operations in the 6 GHz spectrum for three classes of radio local area networks (RLANs):

Standard power

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 36 dBm and maximum power spectral density (PSD) of 23 dBm/MHz. Should employ Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) control.

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and maximum PSD of 5 dBm/MHz.

Very-low-power (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 14 dBm and maximum PSD of -5 dBm/MHz. (-8 dBm/MHz was in consultation, -5 dBm/MHz was finalized)

Europe

ECC Decision (20)01 from 20 November 2020[97] allocated the frequency band from 5945 to 6425 MHz (corresponding almost to the US U-NII-5 band) for use by low-power indoor and very-low-power devices for Wireless Access Systems/Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLAN), with a portion specifically reserved for rail networks and intelligent transport systems.[98]

Template:Sticky header

EU 6 GHz channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz
5945–6425 MHz 24 12 6 3

India

On January 20, 2026, the Ministry of Communications, Government of India, through a Gazette notification, has officially de-licensed the lower portion of the 6 GHz spectrum (from 5925 MHz to 6425 MHz) for the Use of Low Power and Very Low Power Wireless Access System. [99] [100]

Template:Sticky header

India 6 GHz channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 320 MHz
5925–6425 MHz 24 12 6 3 1

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 30 dBm and maximum PSD of 11 dBm/MHz.

Very-low-power outdoor (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 14 dBm and maximum PSD of 1 dBm/MHz.

United Kingdom

Since July 2020, the UK's Ofcom permitted unlicensed use of the lower 6 GHz band (5945 to 6425 MHz, corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by Low Power indoor and Very Low Power indoor and mobile Outdoor device.[101][102]

Australia

In April 2021, Australia's ACMA opened consultations for the 6 GHz band. The lower 6 GHz band (5925 to 6425 MHz, corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) was approved for 250 mW EIRP indoors and 25 mW outdoors on March 4, 2022.[103] From 1 October 2025 the approved range was increased by 160 MHz to 5925–6585 MHz,[104] allowing for an additional 160 MHz / 320 MHz channel in the 6 GHz band for Wi-Fi use. The ACMA intends to allocate the 6585–7100 MHz portion of the band to mobile telephony use, but is delaying that allocation while it monitors spectrum arrangements in other major markets that drive the manufacturing of mobile network equipment,[105] potentially allowing for additional spectrum to be allocated to Wi-Fi at a later date.

This is in line with the following ACMA decisions on the future of the upper 6 GHz spectrum in Australia published in the December 2024 consultation outcomes paper:[106]

• Add 6425–6585 MHz to the LIPD class licence to support RLAN (Radio Local Area Network) use. This work is intended to be implemented as part of our task to remake the instrument prior to its sunsetting in October 2025. We are aiming to consult on updates to the LIPD class licence in early 2025.

• Plan for 6585–7100 MHz in defined population areas for potential WA WBB (Wide Area Wireless Broadband) use, but not commence implementation of these arrangements until certainty around progress towards international equipment markets can be provided. This planning will include determination of defined areas in consultation with stakeholders.

• Once defined areas have been determined, make provision for apparatus licensed access in 6585–7100 MHz outside those areas to enable the deployment of local area WBB services (either IMT or RLAN-based technologies).''

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 250 mW. The power spectral density must not be greater than 12.5 mW EIRP per 1 MHz.

Very-low-power (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 25 mW. The power spectral density must not be greater than 1.25 mW EIRP per 1 MHz.

Template:Sticky header

Australia 6 GHz Channels
Band 20 MHz 40 MHz 80 MHz 160 MHz 320 MHz
5945–6585 MHz 32 16 8 4 2

Japan

In September 2022, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications announced amendments to the ministerial order and notices related to the Radio Act.[107]

Low-power indoor (LPI)

For indoor use only. Maximum EIRP of 200 mW.

Very-low-power (VLP)

For indoor and outdoor use. Maximum EIRP of 25 mW.

Taiwan

Since August 2023, Taiwan's NCC permitted unlicensed use of the lower 6 GHz band (5945 to 6425 MHz, corresponding to the US U-NII-5 band) by Low Power indoor and Very Low Power indoor and mobile Outdoor device.[108]

Russia

In December 2022, Russian State Commission for Radio Frequencies authorised 6 GHz operation for low-power indoor (LPI) use with transmitter power control (TPC) limited to maximum EIRP of 200 mW and maximum PSD of 10 mW/MHz, and very low power (VLP) indoor and mobile outdoor use with maximum EIRP of 25 mW and maximum PSD of 1.3 mW/MHz.[109]

Singapore

In May 2023, Singapore's IMDA will amend its Regulations to allocate the radio frequency spectrum 5,925 MHz – 6,425 MHz for Wi-Fi use in Singapore.[110]

Philippines

On May 23, 2024, the Philippines' National Telecommunications Commission (NTC) is considering the use of 5925 MHz to 6425 MHz frequency bands indoors with an effective radiated power (ERP) not exceeding 250 mW and outdoors with an effective radiated power not exceeding 25 mW.[111] On July 5, 2024, the NTC has released Memorandum Circular No. 002-07-2024, allowing 6 GHz Wi-Fi use, with the added restriction that the use on unmanned aircraft systems is prohibited.[112]

45 GHz (802.11aj)

The 802.11aj standards, also known as WiGig, operate in the Script error: No such module "val". spectrum.

Template:45 GHz WiGig channels

60 GHz (802.11ad/aj/ay)

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". The 802.11ad/aj/ay standards, also known as WiGig, operate in the Script error: No such module "val". V band unlicensed ISM band spectrum.

Template:60 GHz WiGig channels

Indonesia

Indonesia allows the use of the band 57–64 GHz with maximum EIRP of 10 W (40 dBm), and maximum bandwidth of 2.16 GHz, for indoor use.[74][75]

See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l IEEE 802.11-2024, table E-5.
  2. ↑ IEEE 802.11-2024, table E-5, for United States region.
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c IEEE 802.11-2007 — Table 18-9
  5. ↑ a b Template:Cite act
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Israel: Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ a b 2005/513/EC: Commission Decision of 11 July 2005 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of wireless access systems including radio local area networks (WAS/RLANs)
  30. ↑ a b 2007/90/EC: Commission Decision of 12 February 2007 amending Decision 2005/513/EC on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in the 5 GHz frequency band for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks (WAS/RLANs)
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Template:Cite act
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ a b IEEE 802.11-2007 Annex J modified by amendments k, y and n.
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  63. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Template:Cite act
  69. ↑ Template:Cite act
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Template:Cite act
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Template:Cite act
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ except Europe
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  92. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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