Parapithecus
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Parapithecus is an extinct genus of primate that lived during the Late Eocene-Earliest Oligocene in what is now Egypt. Its members are considered to be basal anthropoids and the genus is closely related to Apidium. There are two known species. They lived about 40 to 33 million years ago.[1]
Description
Parapithecus had an unusual dentition, which contained no adult lower incisors.[2] The upper dentition likely had four incisors.[3] This means the adult dental formula can be expressed as: Incisors: 2/0; Canines: 1/1; Premolars: 3/3; Molars: 3/3.
Palaeobiology
Palaeoecology
The dental microwear of Parapithecus was most similar to that of modern frugivorous primates, suggesting that Parapithecus fed mainly on fruits.[4]
Bibliography
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Beard CK (2002). "Basal anthropoids". In Hartwig, Walter (ed.). The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press. pp. 133–149. ISBN 978-0-521-08141-2.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Simons EL (1 March 1986). "Parapithecus grangeri of the African Oligocene: an archaic catarrhine without lower incisors". Journal of Human Evolution. 15 (3): 205–213. Bibcode:1986JHumE..15..205S. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80046-X. ISSN 0047-2484.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Simons EL (July 2001). "The cranium of Parapithecus grangeri, an Egyptian Oligocene anthropoidean primate". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 98 (14): 7892–7897. Bibcode:2001PNAS...98.7892S. doi:10.1073/pnas.051003398. PMC 35439. PMID 11438736.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Teaford, Mark F.; Maas, Mary C.; Simons, Elwyn L. (December 1996). "Dental microwear and microstructure in early oligocene primates from the Fayum, Egypt: Implications for diet". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 101 (4): 527–543. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199612)101:4<527::AID-AJPA7>3.0.CO;2-S. Retrieved 29 October 2025 – via Wiley Online Library.
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