Paris Charter

Charter of Paris for a New Europe
Host country	France
Date	19–21 November 1990
Cities	Paris
Venues	Palais de l'Élysée
Participants	Template:Flagdeco Helmut Kohl Template:Flagdeco George H. W. Bush Template:Flagdeco Franz Vranitzky Template:Flagdeco Wilfried Martens Template:Flagdeco Georgi Atanasov Template:Flagdeco Brian Mulroney Template:Flagdeco George Vassiliou Template:Flagdeco Poul Schlüter Template:Flagdeco Felipe González Template:Flagdeco Mauno Koivisto Template:Flagdeco François Mitterrand Template:Flagdeco Margaret Thatcher Template:Flagdeco Konstantinos Mitsotakis Template:Flagdeco József Antall Template:Flagdeco Charles Haughey Template:Flagdeco Davíð Oddsson Template:Flagdeco Giulio Andreotti Template:Flagdeco Hans Brunhart Template:Flagdeco Jacques Santer Template:Flagdeco Eddie Fenech Adami Template:Flagdeco Jacques Dupont Template:Flagdeco Gro Harlem Brundtland Template:Flagdeco Ruud Lubbers Template:Flagdeco Wojciech Jaruzelski Template:Flagdeco Cavaco Silva Template:Flagdeco Ion Iliescu Template:Flagdeco Cesare Gasperoni Template:Flagdeco Angelo Sodano Template:Flagdeco Ingvar Carlsson Template:Flagdeco Arnold Koller Template:Flagdeco Václav Havel Template:Flagdeco Turgut Özal Template:Flagdeco Mikhail Gorbachev Template:Flagdeco Borisav Jović
Follows	Helsinki Accords

The Charter of Paris for a New Europe (also known as the Paris Charter) was adopted by a summit meeting of most European governments in addition to those of Canada, the United States and the Soviet Union, in Paris from 19–21 November 1990. The charter was established on the foundation of the Helsinki Accords and was further amended in the 1999 Charter for European Security. Together, these documents form the agreed basis for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. However, not all OSCE member countries have signed the treaty.

Purpose

The Charter was one of many attempts to seize the opportunity of the fall of Communism by actively inviting the former Eastern Bloc countries into the ideological framework of the West. It has been compared to the Conference of Versailles of 1919 or the Congress of Vienna of 1815 in its grandiose ambition to reshape Europe. In effect, the Paris Summit was the peace conference of the Cold War: Perestroika had ultimately put an end to the ideological and political division of the Iron Curtain. Pluralist democracy and market economy were together with international law and multilateralism seen as the victors.

The Charter established an Office for Free Elections (later renamed Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights) in Warsaw, a Conflict Prevention Centre in Vienna, and a secretariat. Later, in 1992, a Secretary General was also appointed. It was agreed that the Foreign Ministers are to convene regularly for political consultations.

British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher attended the summit while undergoing a challenge to her leadership of the country's ruling Conservative Party, and it was while in Paris that she learned she had not obtained sufficient votes in the first round of the party's leadership election to be declared the winner outright, necessitating a further round of voting. Thatcher later claimed that the fact she was in Paris and unable to begin immediately rallying support was one of the factors that led to her leaving the leadership election and resigning as party leader and Prime Minister after 11 years of power.

See also

• German reunification

Further reading

• Road to the Charter of Paris: Historical Narratives and Lessons for the OSCE Today, https://osce-network.net/publications/detail/the-road-to-the-charter-of-paris-historical-narratives-and-lessons-for-the-osce-today

External links

• Text of the Charter