Polyetherimide

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Polyetherimide
Physical properties
Density Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(ρ)1.27 g/cc
Water absorption—over 24 hours0.25%
Mechanical properties
Tensile strength Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(σt)115 MPa
Elongation Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(ε) Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.at break60-80%
Izod impact strength25-60 J/m
Thermal properties
Glass transition temperature Page Template:Nobold/styles.css has no content.(Tg)215 C
Heat deflection temperature at 0.46 MPa / 66 psi210 C
Vicat softening point220 C
Upper working temperature375 C
Lower working temperature365 C
Data via Sastri et al., 2014.[1]

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Polyetherimide
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Names
IUPAC name
benzene-1,3-diamine; 5-[4-[2-[4-[(1,3-dioxo-2-benzofuran-5-yl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-yl]phenoxy]-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
Other names
PEI, Ultem
Identifiers
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3D model (JSmol)
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EC Number Page Template:Plainlist/styles.css has no content.
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  • CC(C)(c1ccc(Oc2ccc3c(c2)C(=O)OC3=O)cc1)c1ccc(Oc2ccc3c(c2)C(=O)OC3=O)cc1.Nc1cccc(N)c1
Properties
(C37H24O6N2)n
Molar mass Variable
Appearance Amber-to-transparent solid
Density 1.27 g/cm3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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PEI powder-coated build plate on a Bambu Lab A1 mini FFF 3D printer

Polyetherimide (PEI; branded as Ultem[2]) is an amorphous, amber-to-transparent thermoplastic with characteristics similar to the related plastic PEEK. When comparing PEI to PEEK, the former is cheaper but has lower impact strength and a tighter temperature range.[3]

PEI plastics were first introduced into the market by General Electric (GE) in 1982 under the trade name Ultem resulting from the work of J.G. Wirth's research team in the early 1970s.[4][5]

Due to its adhesive properties and chemical stability it became a popular bed material for FFF 3D printers.

Structure

The molecular formula of the PEI repeating unit is Page Module:Chem2/styles.css has no content.C37H24O6N2 and the molecular weight is 592.61 g/mol.[6] It contains phthalimide and bisphenol A sub-units.

Properties

The glass transition temperature of PEI is 217 °C (422 °F). Its amorphous density at 25 °C is 1.27 g/cm3(.046 lb/in3). It is prone to stress cracking in chlorinated solvents. Polyetherimide is able to resist high temperatures while maintaining stable electrical properties over a wide range of frequencies. This high strength material offers excellent chemical resistance and ductile properties suitable for various applications, even those involving steam exposure.[7]

Production

PEIs are manufactured by the imidization reaction of a flexible dianhydride and m-Phenylenediamine.[8][9]

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), "8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers", Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition), Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 183, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2, ISBN 978-1-4557-3201-2, retrieved 2025-05-05{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Ultem". Curbell Plastics. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  3. ^ http://www.mcmaster.com/#ultem/=otzvqt Referenced Oct 7, 2013
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."What Is Polyetherimide (PEI)?". Retrieved 2024-10-15.
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Melton, George H.; Peters, Edward N.; Arisman, Ruth K. (2011-01-01), Kutz, Myer (ed.), "2 - Engineering Thermoplastics", Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, Plastics Design Library, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 15, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9, ISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7, retrieved 2025-05-05, Polyetherimide (PEI) was formally announced by GE in 1982. This amorphous polymer with the Ultem trade name resulted from the research work of a team headed by J.G. Wirth in the early 1970s.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Scott, Chris. "polyetherimide information and properties". www.polymerprocessing.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Injection Molding Material Selection Guide". www.abtecinc.com. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Sastri, Vinny R. (2014-01-01), Sastri, Vinny R. (ed.), "8 - High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfides, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers", Plastics in Medical Devices (Second Edition), Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 182, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3201-2.00008-2, ISBN 978-1-4557-3201-2, retrieved 2025-05-05, Polyetherimides (PEIs) are manufactured by the reaction of a flexible anhydride and 1,3-diamino benzene. The anhydride is based on bisphenol A and has both ether and isopropylidene links. It is these two flexible links that provide the flexibility and melt processability to PEI compared to its wholly aromatic analogs.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Melton, George H.; Peters, Edward N.; Arisman, Ruth K. (2011-01-01), Kutz, Myer (ed.), "2 - Engineering Thermoplastics", Applied Plastics Engineering Handbook, Plastics Design Library, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, p. 15, doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-3514-7.10002-9, ISBN 978-1-4377-3514-7, retrieved 2025-05-05, The early laboratory process involved a costly and difficult synthesis. Further development resulted in a number of breakthroughs that led to a simplified, cost-effective production process. The final step of the process involves the imidization of a diacid anhydride with m-phenylene diamine{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)

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