Resh
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "about".
Page Module:Infobox/styles.css has no content.
| Resh | |
|---|---|
| Phoenician | Page Template:Script/styles phoenician.css has no content.𐤓 |
| Hebrew | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ר |
| Samaritan | |
| Aramaic | |
| Syriac | |
| Nabataean | |
| Arabic | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ر |
| South Arabian | |
| Geʽez | |
| North Arabian | |
| Ugaritic | Page Template:Script/styles.css has no content.𐎗 |
| Phonemic representation | Script error: No such module "IPA". |
| Position in alphabet | 20 |
| Numerical value | 200 |
| Alphabetic derivatives of the Phoenician | |
| Greek | Ρ (rho) |
| Latin | R |
| Cyrillic | Р (er) |
Resh /rɛʃ/ is the twentieth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician rēš 𐤓, Hebrew Template:Translit Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ר, Aramaic rēš 𐡓, Syriac rēš ܪ, and Arabic Template:Translit Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ر. It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪇, South Arabian Script error: No such module "Lang"., and Ge'ez Script error: No such module "Lang".. Its sound value is one of a number of rhotic consonants: usually [r] or [ɾ], but also [ʁ] or [ʀ] in Hebrew and some North Mesopotamian Arabic dialects.
In most Semitic alphabets, the letter resh (and its equivalents) is visually quite similar to the letter dalet (and its equivalents). In the Syriac alphabet, the letters became so similar that now they are only distinguished by dots; resh has a dot above it, and the otherwise identical dalet has a dot below. In the Arabic alphabet, Script error: No such module "lang". has a longer tail than Script error: No such module "lang".. In the Aramaic and Hebrew square alphabet, resh is a rounded single stroke while dalet is two strokes that meet at right angles.
The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek rho (Ρ/ρ), Etruscan 
, Latin R, Glagolitic Ⱃ,[1] and Cyrillic Р and Armenian Ռ and Ր.
Origins
Resh is usually assumed to mean "head", as in Proto-Semitic *raʾ(i)š- and descendants, like Biblical Hebrew Script error: No such module "Lang". (Template:Translit) 'head'.[2] <hiero>D1</hiero>
Arabic rāʾ
The letter is named Script error: No such module "lang". Script error: No such module "Lang". in Arabic. It is written in several ways depending on its position in the word:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ر | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـر | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـر | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ر |
It ranges between an alveolar trill [r], an alveolar flap [ɾ], and a uvular trill [ʀ] (the last of which is only found in a few modern varieties). It is pronounced as a postalveolar approximant [ɹ̠] in the traditional dialect of Fes.[3]
Derived letter in other languages
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ݛ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـݛ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـݛ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ݛ |
The Unicode standard for Arabic scripts also lists a variant with a full stroke (Unicode character U+075b: ݛ), suggesting that this form is used in certain Northern and Western African languages and some dialects in Pakistan.[4]
In the Pashto alphabet, a variant of the letter rāʾ uses a ring below for the retroflex consonant [ɭ̆~ɽ] and another uses dots above and below the tail for the voiced fricative [ʐ] or [ʝ]:
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ړ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـړ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـړ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ړ |
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ږ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـږ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـږ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ږ |
Hebrew resh
| Orthographic variants | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Various print fonts | Cursive Hebrew |
Rashi script | ||
| Serif | Sans-serif | Monospaced | ||
| ר | ר | ר | 
|
.svg){kind=small}
|
In Hebrew, Resh (Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.רֵישׁ) represents a rhotic consonant that has different realizations for different dialects:[citation needed]
- In Modern Hebrew, the most common pronunciation is the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ].
- Ashkenazi use sometimes a uvular trill [ʀ] or an alveolar trill [r]. Native English-speakers replace it sometimes with an alveolar approximant [ɹ], as in English.
- Sephardic and Mizrahi use an alveolar trill [r], an alveolar flap [ɾ] or uvular trill [ʀ].
As a general rule, Resh, along with Ayin, Aleph, He, and Het, do not receive a dagesh. There are a handful of exceptions to this rule.[5] In the Yemenite tradition, Resh is treated as most other consonants in that it can receive a dagesh hazak under certain circumstances. In the most widely accepted version of the Hebrew Bible, there are 17 instances of Resh being marked with a dagesh.[6] The list is: 1 Samuel 1:6, 1 Samuel 10:24, 1 Samuel 17:25, 2 Kings 6:32, Jeremiah 39:12, Ezekiel 16:4 [×2], Habakkuk 3:13, Psalms 52:5, Proverbs 3:8, Proverbs 11:21, Proverbs 14:10, Proverbs 15:1, Job 39:9 (?[7]), Song of Songs 5:2, Ezra 9:6, 2 Chronicles 26:10 (?[8])
In gematria, Resh represents the number 200.
As abbreviation
Page Module:Message box/ambox.css has no content.
 |
Resh as an abbreviation can stand for Rabbi (or Rav, Rebbe, Rabban, Rabbenu, and other similar constructions).
Resh may be found after a person's name on a gravestone, either to indicate that the person was a rabbi or to indicate Rav, a generic term for a teacher or a personal spiritual guide.
Syriac resh
| Position in word: | Isolated | Final | Medial | Initial |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glyph form: (Help) |
Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ܪ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـܪ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ـܪـ | Page Template:Script/styles arabic.css has no content.ܪـ |
Character encodings
Script error: No such module "Charmap".
Script error: No such module "Charmap".
See also
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Schenker, Alexander M. (1995), The Dawn of Slavic: An Introduction to Slavic Philology, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 179, ISBN 0-300-05846-2
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Strong's Hebrew: 7218. רֹאשׁ (rosh) -- head". biblehub.com. Retrieved 2026-01-23.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hachimi, Atiqa (2012-05-23). "The urban and the urbane: Identities, language ideologies, and Arabic dialects in Morocco". Language in Society. 41 (3): 321–341. doi:10.1017/s0047404512000279. ISSN 0047-4045. S2CID 144607607.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Allen, Julie D.; Anderson, Deborah; et al. (eds.). The Unicode Standard, Version 6.2 (PDF). Unicode Consortium. p. 265.
- ^ Book Em laMikra haShalem written by Nisan Sharoni In Chapter 14:7 page 62 of the Ashdod. ספר אם למקרא השׁלם על ידי ניסן שׁרוני ׀ אשׁדוֹד ׀ תשׁס״א ׀ עמוד 62 In the 7 article of the chapter, the Rav says that the letters ״אהחער״ generally do not take a dagesh. ₪ בּאוֹתיוֹת ״אהחער״ ־לֹא יָבֹא דָגֵשׁ, בְּדֶרֶךְ כְּלָל. ₪ מכלול נז In the footnote 6 — Not to write it in Hebrew — ; it says: Except in a few cases where there is an exception to the rule… dagesh can be seen in Alef and Reish. See Mesorah haGedolah 43:26 and מכלול נז Minchas Shai 43:26.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Unexpected Dagesh in Reish". Mi Yodeya. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tanach Simanim (Hebrew Only)". www.feldheim.com. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Tanach Simanim (Hebrew Only)". www.feldheim.com. Retrieved 2024-01-02.
External links
Page Module:Side box/styles.css has no content.Page Template:Sister project/styles.css has no content.
Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Navbox/configuration' not found.
