Segolate
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Segolates are words in the Hebrew language whose end is of the form CVCVC, where the penultimate vowel receives syllable stress. Such words are called "segolates" because the final unstressed vowel is typically (but not always) segol.
These words evolved from older Semitic words that ended in a complex coda; indeed, when a suffix (other than an absolute plural) is added to a segolate, the original form (or something similar) reappears (cf. kéleḇ "dog" vs. kalbī "my dog").Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Examples:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
| *Ancient | Tiberian | Stem | Meaning | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ʼarṥ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אֶרֶץ, אָרֶץ | ʼéreṣ, ʼā́reṣ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אַרְצ־ | ʼarṣ- | earth; land |
| *ʼurn | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אֹרֶן | ʼṓren | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.אָרְנ־ | ʼorn- | pine tree |
| *baʻl | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בַּעַל, בָּעַל | báʻal, bā́ʻal | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.בַּעֲל־ | baʻăl- | husband |
| *zarʻ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.זֶרַע, זָרַע | zéraʻ, zā́raʻ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.זַרְע־ | zarʻ- | seed |
| *yayn | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יַיִן, יָיִן | yáyin, yā́yin | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.יֵינ־ | yên- | wine |
| *milḥ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מֶלַח | mélaḥ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מִלְח־ | milḥ- | salt |
| *milk | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מֶלֶך | méleḵ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מַלְכּ־ | malk- | king |
| *kalb | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.כֶּלֶב, כָּלֶב | kéleḇ, kā́leḇ | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.כַּלְבּ־ | kalb- | dog |
| *laḥy | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.לֶחִי, לְחִי | léḥî, ləḥî | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.לֶחֱי־ | leḥĕy- | cheek; tool jaw |
| *ʻibr | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.עֵבֶר | ʻḖḇer | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.עִבְר־ | ʻiḇr- | Eber |
| *ʻayn | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.עַיִן, עָיִן | ʻáyin, ʻā́yin | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.עֵינ־ | ʻên- | eye |
| *ṣidq | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.צֶדֶק | ṣéḏeq | Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.צִדְק־ (צַדְק־?) | ṣiḏq-Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | righteousness |
The ancient forms like *CawC (such as šawr "bull") almost universally evolved to non-segolate CôC (Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.שׁוֹר šôr), though there are exceptions, such as Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.מָוֶת mā́weṯ "death".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Some segolate words' final syllable ends with a patach rather than a segol, due to the influence of guttural consonants (Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ה, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ע, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.א, Page Template:Script/styles hebrew.css has no content.ח) in the final syllable.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Classical Arabic still preserves forms similar to the reconstructed Ancient Hebrew forms, although significantly simplified.[1] Examples include ʼarḍ "earth", kalb "dog", ʻayn "eye", ṣidq "sincerity".
Some modern dialects insert an epenthetic vowel between the final two consonants, similar to what happened in Hebrew.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
References
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