T

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T (minuscule: t) is the twentieth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee (pronounced /ˈtiː/ <phonos file="LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-T.wav"></phonos>), plural tees.[1]

It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the Phoenician and Paleo-Hebrew script (Aramaic and Hebrew Taw ת/𐡕/, Syriac Taw ܬ, and Arabic ت Tāʼ) via the Greek letter τ (tau). In English, it is most commonly used to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, a sound it also denotes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second-most commonly used letter in English-language texts.[2]

History

Phoenician
Taw 		Western Greek
Tau 		Etruscan
T 		Latin
T

Taw was the last letter of the Western Semitic and Hebrew alphabets. The sound value of Semitic Taw, the Greek alphabet Tαυ (Tau), Old Italic and Latin T has remained fairly constant, representing [t] in each of these, and it has also kept its original basic shape in most of these alphabets.

Use in writing systems

Pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ by language
Orthography Phonemes
Catalan /t/
Template:Nwr /tʰ/
English /t/, silent
French /t/, silent
German /t/
Icelandic /tʰ/
Indonesian /t/
Portuguese /t/
[t͡ʃ], allophone of /t/ before /i/, /ĩ/ and /j/ in some Brazilian dialects
Spanish /t/
Turkish /t/

English

In English, ⟨t⟩ usually denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive (International Phonetic Alphabet: /t/), as in tart, tee, or ties, often with aspiration at the beginnings of words or before stressed vowels. The letter ⟨t⟩ corresponds to the affricate Script error: No such module "IPA". in some words as a result of yod-coalescence (for example, in words ending in -"ture", such as future).

A common digraph is ⟨th⟩, which usually represents a dental fricative, but occasionally represents Script error: No such module "IPA". (as in Thomas and thyme). The digraph ⟨ti⟩ often corresponds to the sound Script error: No such module "IPA". (a voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant) word-medially when followed by a vowel, as in nation, ratio, negotiation, and Croatia.

In a few words of modern French origin, the letter T is silent at the end of a word; these include croquet and debut.

Other languages

In the orthographies of other languages, ⟨t⟩ is often used for Script error: No such module "IPA"., the voiceless dental plosive Script error: No such module "IPA"., or similar sounds.

Other systems

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, Template:Angbr IPA denotes the voiceless alveolar plosive.

Other uses

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A curly T pictured in the coat of arms of the former Teisko municipality, which was consolidated to Tampere.

Ancestors and siblings in other alphabets

Derived signs, symbols and abbreviations

Other representations

Computing

Unicode:

Codepoints 005416 (8410) and x007416 (11610) were used for encodings based on ASCII, including the DOS, Windows, ISO-8859 and Macintosh families of encodings.

Other

Template:Letter reps

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Notes

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  1. ^ Unicode treats representation of letters of the Latin alphabet written in insular script as a typeface choice that needs no separate coding. Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+A786 Ꞇ Script error: No such module "Unicode data". and Page Template:Mono/styles.css has no content.U+A787 ꞇ Script error: No such module "Unicode data". are provided for use by phonetics specialists.[5]

References

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  1. ^ "T", Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition (1989); Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged (1993); "tee", op. cit.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Lewand, Robert. "Relative Frequencies of Letters in General English Plain text". Cryptographical Mathematics. Central College. Archived from the original on July 8, 2008. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Constable, Peter (September 30, 2003). "L2/03-174R2: Proposal to Encode Phonetic Symbols with Middle Tilde in the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Constable, Peter (April 19, 2004). "L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  5. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everson, Michael (August 6, 2006). "L2/06-266: Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on August 19, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everson, Michael; West, Andrew (October 5, 2020). "L2/20-268: Revised proposal to add ten characters for Middle English to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 24, 2020. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Kirk; Ashby, Michael (November 8, 2020). "L2/20-252R: Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Kirk (July 11, 2020). "L2/20-125R: Unicode request for expected IPA retroflex letters and similar letters with hooks" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  9. ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Anderson, Deborah (December 7, 2020). "L2/21-021: Reference doc numbers for L2/20-266R "Consolidated code chart of proposed phonetic characters" and IPA etc. code point and name changes" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 8, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Kirk; Sands, Bonny (July 10, 2020). "L2/20-115R: Unicode request for additional phonetic click letters" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 8, 2022. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everson, Michael; et al. (March 20, 2002). "L2/02-141: Uralic Phonetic Alphabet characters for the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ruppel, Klaas; Aalto, Tero; Everson, Michael (January 27, 2009). "L2/09-028: Proposal to encode additional characters for the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Cook, Richard; Everson, Michael (September 20, 2001). "L2/01-347: Proposal to add six phonetic characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 11, 2017. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Everson, Michael; Jacquerye, Denis; Lilley, Chris (July 26, 2012). "L2/12-270: Proposal for the addition of ten Latin characters to the UCS" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on March 30, 2019. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Miller, Kirk; Rees, Neil (July 16, 2021). "L2/21-156: Unicode request for legacy Malayalam" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on September 7, 2021. Retrieved October 13, 2022.

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