Valve stem

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Replacing a valve stem.

A valve stem is a self-contained valve that opens to admit gas to a chamber (such as air to inflate a tire),[1] and is then automatically closed and kept sealed by the pressure in the chamber, or a spring,[2][3] or both, to prevent the gas from escaping.[4]

There are many types of valves, and they are most commonly used on automobile, motorcycle, and bicycle tires, but also for many other applications. The most common type is the Schrader valve, but some road bicycles with skinny tires instead use the Presta valve.[5][6][7][8]

Schrader

Schrader valve stem

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Schrader valves consist of a valve stem into which a poppet valve is threaded with a spring attached. They are used on virtually all automobile and motorbike tires and on wider-rimmed bicycle tires. In addition to tires, Schrader valves of varying diameters are used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems, plumbing, engine fuel injection, suspension systems, and SCUBA regulators, allowing the user to remove and attach a hose while in use. The Schrader valves in the fuel injector rail of many automobiles are used as a quick and easy point to check fuel pressure or connect an injector cleaner cartridge.[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]

Presta

Presta valve stem

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Presta valves (also called Sclaverand valves or French valves) are normally only used on bicycles. The stem has a narrower diameter (nominally 6 mm) than the thinnest (nominally 8 mm) Schrader type, and so the bore of the hole in the rim through which the stem passes can be smaller. Has a locknut that needs to be opened to inflate/deflate.[17][18]

Dunlop (or Woods)

Dunlop (or Woods) valve stem

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Dunlop valves (also called Woods valves or English valves) were the dominating bicycle valves in the European region and many other countries. As of 2021, Presta valves are just as common in these regions. Dunlop valves are still widely used especially on low to medium-priced bicycles (city and trekking bikes).[19] They can be pumped up with a Presta bicycle pump.[20]

Regina

Regina Valve stem

The "Regina Valve" is very similar to the Presta and mostly used in Italy.[21][circular reference] The central threaded pin is so short that it does not protrude from the valve tube and therefore cannot be bent. In order to close the valve tightly, a small, loose nut is placed on this threaded rod with a diameter of only around 1.5 mm and screwed on by hand. A threaded rod is enough. By tightening the nut, the valve disc with the conical sealing body is pressed against the valve seat.

Rim drilling:⌀ 6.5 mm

Thread DIN 7756 • outside VG 6×32 •outside VG 5.2×24 at the upper end

Maximum pressure 15 bars.

Others

Many other valves are used only in certain regions or for limited purposes.

Invisible tire valves are different in design from traditional tire valves. An inflator stem is not used; instead, a removable cap on a valve stem embedded in the tire rim is fitted, with only the cap visible. When inflating the tire, the cap is first removed, typically with a coin, and then a "portable" dedicated inflator stem is screwed onto the valve stem. Through the inflator, the tire is inflated as usual.

References

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  1. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.García-Ramírez, Yasmany (2022). "Real Driving on Under-inflated Rear Tire on Horizontal Curves: A Road Experimental Study". Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Vehicle Technology and Intelligent Transport Systems. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications. pp. 324–330. doi:10.5220/0011056900003191. ISBN 978-989-758-573-9.
  2. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Pressure". Pressure. 2020. doi:10.5040/9781682661031.
  3. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Tools for pressing. Spring plungers with helicoidal compression steel spring or gas spring, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/30338766, hdl:20.500.12259/302698, retrieved 2023-09-25
  4. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hydraulic fluid power. Pressure reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves. Mounting surfaces, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02162710, retrieved 2023-09-25
  5. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Handmade Automobiles". Handmade Automobiles. 2009. doi:10.5040/9781350904057.
  6. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Motorcycle Headlamps, SAE International, doi:10.4271/j584_202002, retrieved 2023-09-25
  7. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."The Repair of Single Tube Bicycle Tires". Scientific American. 75 (5): 125–126. 1896-08-01. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican08011896-125. ISSN 0036-8733.
  8. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hydraulic fluid power. Pressure reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves. Mounting surfaces, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02162710, retrieved 2023-09-25
  9. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Eugene A. Sloane (1991). Sloane's Complete Book of All-terrain Bicycles. Simon and Schuster. pp. 313–. ISBN 978-0-671-67587-5.
  10. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."poppet valve, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2023-03-02, doi:10.1093/oed/1063025456, retrieved 2023-09-25
  11. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Karmakar, Sibdas; Karmakar (2022-02-16), "Diameters and Conjugate Diameters", Analytical Geometry: Two Dimensions, London: CRC Press, pp. 273–300, doi:10.1201/9781003293248-7, ISBN 978-1-003-29324-8, retrieved 2023-09-25{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  12. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Air conditioning system cost", Air Conditioning, Routledge, pp. 367–373, 2014-05-09, doi:10.4324/9781315794068-23, ISBN 978-1-315-79406-8, retrieved 2023-09-25{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  13. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Pressure regulators for use with medical gases, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02670016u, retrieved 2023-09-25
  14. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Unit 1 Welcome to Plumbing", Plumbing, Routledge, pp. 13–32, 2007-08-15, doi:10.4324/9780080550053-6, ISBN 978-0-08-055005-3, retrieved 2023-09-25{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  15. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marine Carburetors and Fuel Injection Throttle Bodies, SAE International, doi:10.4271/j1223_201208, retrieved 2023-09-25
  16. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bauer, Wolfgang (2022), "Suspension Systems Basics", Hydropneumatic Suspension Systems, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 1–22, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-63772-2_1, ISBN 978-3-662-63771-5, retrieved 2023-09-25{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
  17. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Christopher Wiggins (5 June 2014). Bike Repair and Maintenance. DK Publishing. pp. 16–. ISBN 978-1-61564-511-4.
  18. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hydraulic fluid power. Pressure-reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves. Mounting surfaces, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02162710, retrieved 2023-09-25
  19. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hydraulic fluid power. Pressure-reducing valves, sequence valves, unloading valves, throttle valves and check valves. Mounting surfaces, BSI British Standards, doi:10.3403/02162710, retrieved 2023-09-25
  20. ^ Sheldon Brown's Bicycle Glossary
  21. ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Fahrradventil". Wikipedia DE. Retrieved 27 March 2023.

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