Yokkaichi
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Script error: No such module "Nihongo". is a city located in Mie Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 November 2025[update]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the city had an estimated population of 305,279 in 147,185 households and a population density of 1,478.3 persons per km2.[1] The total area of the city is Script error: No such module "convert"..
Geography
Yokkaichi is located in the north-central of Mie Prefecture, part of the northeastern Kii Peninsula. It stretches the width of Mie Prefecture, and is bordered by Ise Bay on the Pacific Ocean to the east, and Shiga Prefecture to the northwest.
Neighboring municipalities
Mie Prefecture
Climate
Yokkaichi has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) characterized by warm summers and cool winters with light to no snowfall. The average annual temperature in Yokkaichi is Template:Cvt. The average annual rainfall is Template:Cvt with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around Template:Cvt, and lowest in January, at around Template:Cvt.[2]
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Demographics
Per Japanese census data,[3] the population of Yokkaichi increased steadily between 1960 and 2010, but has since slightly decreased.
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History
The area around modern Yokkaichi has been settled since prehistoric times. Numerous Kofun period burial mounds have been discovered, and the area was one of the battle sites of the Asuka period Jinshin War. However, until the end of the Heian period, the area was sparsely settled, and the site of Yokkaichi was only a small port village. The area developed during the Kamakura period and by the Azuchi–Momoyama period, the port was developed and a regular market was opened on the 4th, 14th, and 24th day each month. Thus, the city is named Yokkaichi: "Template:Tlit" means fourth day, and "Template:Tlit" means market. After the Honnō-ji Incident during which warlord Oda Nobunaga was assassinated, Tokugawa Ieyasu fled from Yokkaichi port by sea to his castle at Edo. Under the Tokugawa shogunate, Yokkaichi was Template:Tlit territory controlled directly by the Template:Tlit and administered by a Template:Tlit based at the Yokkaichi Jin'ya. Throughout the Edo period, the area prospered as Yokkaichi-juku, the forty-third station on the Tōkaidō highway connecting Edo with Kyoto. However, the city was largely destroyed by the Ansei great earthquakes.
Following the Meiji Restoration, Yokkaichi Town was established with the creation of the modern municipalities system on April 1, 1889, and was designated the capital of Mie Prefecture. Yokkaichi's port advanced remarkably during the Meiji period, primarily under the guidance of Inaba Sanuemon, a resident merchant interested in increasing trade in the Yokkaichi and Ise area by modernizing the port facilities. Starting in 1872, the project took 12 years to complete due to typhoons and difficulties in financing the project. This led to the port city being designated an Official International Port in 1899[4] The primary trade items shipped through Yokkaichi were originally seed oil, Banko ware, and Ise tea; but now it has developed into a port that handles cotton, wool, glass, and heavy equipment. Yokkaichi was elevated to city status on August 1, 1897.
From 1939, Yokkaichi became a center for the chemical industry, with the Imperial Japanese Navy constructing a large refinery near the port area. Yokkaichi was one of the first cities bombed by the United States during World War II, when on April 18, 1942, the city was attacked by aircraft from the Doolittle Raid. During the final stages of World War II, on June 18, 1945, 89 B-29 Superfortress bombers dropped 11,000 incendiary bombs destroying 35% of the urban area and killing 736 people. This attack on Yokkaichi was followed by another eight air raids until August 8, 1945, killing another 808 people.
From 1960 to 1972, the city residents suffered health problems caused by the emission of SOx into the atmosphere from local petrochemical and chemical plants. In Japan, a disease called Template:Tlit (Yokkaichi asthma) derives its name from the city, and it is considered one of the Four Big Pollution Diseases of Japan.
Yokkaichi attained special city status on November 1, 2000, with increased local autonomy.
On February 7, 2005, the town of Kusu (from Mie District) was merged into Yokkaichi.
Government
Yokkaichi has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 34 members. Yokkaichi contributes seven members to the Mie Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between Mie 2nd district and Mie 3rd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.
Economy
Yokkaichi is a manufacturing center that produces Banko ware (a kind of earthenware and stoneware),[5] automobiles, cotton textiles, chemicals, tea, cement, and computer parts such as flash memory by Kioxia and Western Digital.
Education
- Universities
- Primary and secondary education
Yokkaichi has 38 public elementary schools and 22 public middle schools operated by the city government, and there are three private middle schools. The city also operates one special education school for the disabled. The city has ten public high schools operated by the Mie Prefectural Board of Education and five private high schools. The prefecture also operates two special education schools for the disabled.
- International schools
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". — Brazilian school[6]
- Script error: No such module "Nihongo". — North Korean school[7]
Transportation
Railway
File:JR logo (central).svg JR Tōkai – Kansai Main Line
File:KintetsuLogo.svg Kintetsu Railway – Nagoya Line
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File:KintetsuLogo.svg Kintetsu Railway – Yunoyama Line
Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway – Utsube Line
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Yokkaichi Asunarou Railway – Hachiōji Line
File:Sangi Railway Logo.svg Sangi Railway – Sangi Line
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Highway
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Seaports
- Yokkaichi Port
Local attractions
Festivals and events
- Amagasuka Ishidori Festival
- Great Yokkaichi Festival
- Matsubara Ishidori Festival
International relations
Yokkaichi has two sister cities and one sister port.
- Template:Flagicon Long Beach, California, United States, since October 7, 1963
- Template:Flagicon Sydney Port, Australia, since October 24, 1968
- Template:Flagicon Tianjin, China, since October 28, 1980[8]
Notable people from Yokkaichi
- Toshiya Fujita, movie director
- Naoki Hattori, racing driver
- Goseki Kojima, manga artist
- Masayo Kurata, voice actress
- Miki Mizuno, actress
- Fumio Niwa, author
- Katsuya Okada, politician
- Takuya Okada, chairman emeritus of AEON Group
- Satoshi Saida, wheelchair tennis player
- Naoki Segi, movie director
- Shuu Shibutani, professional wrestler
- Ui Shigure, light novel artist and virtual YouTuber
- Yoriko Shono, writer
- Ōzutsu Takeshi, sumo wrestler
- Katsuaki Watanabe, president of Toyota
- Akari Fujinami, female freestyle wrestler (gold medal, 2024 Summer Olympics)
References
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- ↑ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
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- ↑ "Escolas Brasileiras Homologadas no Japão" (Script error: No such module "webarchive".). Embassy of Brazil in Tokyo. Retrieved on October 13, 2015.
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External links
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- Yokkaichi Information, Movie, and Community Portal Script error: No such module "webarchive". TranslatablePage
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