1045
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Template:Short description Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:Sidebar/configuration' not found. Lua error in package.lua at line 80: module 'Module:InfoboxBuilder' not found.Year 1045 (MXLV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
Events
- January 20 – Pope Sylvester III becomes the 146th pope, succeeding Benedict IX, who abdicated during the previous year.[1]
- January 23 – Edward the Confessor, King of England, marries Edith of Wessex (daughter of Earl Godwin) and she is crowned queen consort at Winchester.[2] This year also in England, Edward begins construction of Westminster Abbey.[3]
- February – Pope Sylvester III is deposed (election deemed invalid); Pope Benedict IX is elected once more, becoming the 147th pope.[1]
- February 5 – Emperor Go-Reizei ascends the throne of Japan.[4]
- May 5 – Pope Gregory VI becomes the 148th pope, following the resignation of Pope Benedict IX in exchange for money. There are growing allegations that simony is taking place during Gregory VI's reign.[5]
- Movable type printing is invented by Bi Sheng in China.[6]
- The Qingli Reforms, put forth by the Chinese statesman Fan Zhongyan in 1043,[7] are halted by their conservative ministerial peers, but will later influence reform efforts under Wang Anshi.[8]
- The Bagratid Kingdom of Armenia is surrendered to the Eastern Roman Empire, ending the Kingdom.
- Harald Hardrada returns to Scandinavia through Sigtuna in Sweden, after escaping from the Byzantine Empire with a fortune.[9]
Births
- Huang Tingjian, famous Chinese calligrapher, painter and poet (d. 1105)[10]
- Approximate date
- Margaret, queen consort of Scotland (d. 1093)[11]
- Robert of Arbrissel (d. 1116), Bretonic preacher and founder of Fontevraud Abbey[12]
- Stephen, Count of Blois (d. 1102)[13]
Deaths
- February 7 – Emperor Go-Suzaku of Japan (b. 1009)[14]
- May 27 – Bruno of Würzburg, imperial chancellor of Italy (b. c. 1005)[15]
- June 27 – Hemma of Gurk, Austrian religious founder and countess (b. 980)[16]
- Radbot, Count of Habsburg (b. 985)[17]
- Approximate date – Maria Skleraina, Byzantine Imperial political adviser
References
Page Template:Reflist/styles.css has no content.
- ^ a b Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sylvester III – pope or antipope". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Edward the Confessor". BBC – History. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Westminster Abbey". westendatwar.org.uk. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Adolphson, Mikael S. (2000). The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 77. ISBN 9780824823344.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gregory VI – pope". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."No. 894: Inventing Printing". uh.edu. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). State Power in China, 900-1325. University of Washington Press. p. 192. ISBN 9780295998480.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ebrey, Patricia Buckley; Smith, Paul Jakov (2016). State Power in China, 900-1325. University of Washington Press. p. 172. ISBN 9780295998480.
- ^ Tjønn, Halvor (2010). Harald Hardråde. Sagakongene (in Norwegian). Saga Bok/Spartacus. ISBN 978-82-430-0558-7, pp. 83.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fu, Shen (2003). "Huang Tingjian". Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.t039229. ISBN 9781884446054. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."5 forgotten queens and princesses of Scotland". scotsman.com. April 2019. Retrieved May 4, 2022.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Müller, Annalena (2021). From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 9781000436297. Retrieved March 6, 2023.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Westfahl, Gary (2015). A Day in a Working Life: 300 Trades and Professions through History [3 volumes]: 300 Trades and Professions through History. ABC-CLIO. p. 597. ISBN 9781610694032.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Gosuzaku, Emperor of Japan, 1009-1045". id.loc.gov. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Bruno Saint, Bishop of Würzburg approximately 1005-1045". Worldcat. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Hemma of Gurk, Saint approximately 980-approximately 1045". Worldcat. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
- ^ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Leeson, R. (2014). Hayek: A Collaborative Biography: Part II, Austria, America and the Rise of Hitler, 1899-1933. Springer. p. 1. ISBN 9781137325099.
